沥青混凝土的分类

Classification of asphalt concrete

沥青混凝土按所用结合料不同，可分为石油沥青的和煤沥青的两大类；有些或地区亦有采用或掺用天然沥青拌制的。

Asphalt concrete can be divided into two categories based on the different binders used: petroleum asphalt and coal tar asphalt; Some countries or regions also use or mix natural asphalt for mixing.

按所用集料品种不同可分为：

According to the different types of aggregates used, they can be divided into:

碎石的、砾石的、砂质的、矿渣的数类，以碎石采用为普遍。按混合料颗粒尺寸不同，可分为粗粒（35～40毫米以下）、中粒（20～25毫米以下）、细粒（10～15毫米以下）、砂粒 （5～7毫米以下）等数类。

There are several types of gravel, gravel, sandy, and slag, with gravel being the most commonly used. According to the different maximum particle sizes of the mixture, it can be divided into several categories: coarse particles (less than 35-40 millimeters), medium particles (less than 20-25 millimeters), fine particles (less than 10-15 millimeters), and sand particles (less than 5-7 millimeters).

按矿料的级配不同可分为：

According to the different gradation of mineral materials, they can be divided into:

密级配、半开级配和开级配等数类，开级配混合料也称沥青碎石。其中热拌热铺的密级配碎石混合料经久耐用，强度高，整体性好，是修筑沥青路面的代表性材料，应用得广。

Dense graded, semi open graded, and open graded mixtures are also known as asphalt crushed stone. Among them, the dense graded crushed stone mixture of hot mix and hot paving is durable, high in strength, and has good integrity. It is a representative material for constructing high-grade asphalt pavement and is widely used.

按矿料的组成不同可分为：

According to the different compositions of ore, it can be divided into:

密实-悬浮结构（如AC-Ⅰ）、骨架-空隙结构（如OGFC）和密实-骨架结构(如SMA)。

Dense suspended structures (such as AC-I), skeleton void structures (such as OGFC), and dense skeleton structures (such as SMA).

各国对沥青混凝土制订有不同的规范，制定的热拌热铺沥青混合料技术规范，以孔隙率10%及以下者称为沥青混凝土，又细分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型，Ⅰ型的孔隙率为3（或2）～6%，属密级配型；Ⅱ型为6～10%，属半开级配型；孔隙率10%以上者称为沥青碎石，属开级配型；混合料的物理力学指标有稳定度、流值和孔隙率等。

Different countries have different specifications for asphalt concrete. The technical specifications for hot mix and hot laid asphalt mixtures formulated by China refer to asphalt concrete with a porosity of 10% or less, which is further divided into Type I and Type II. Type I has a porosity of 3 (or 2) to 6% and belongs to the dense grading type; Type II is 6-10%, belonging to the semi open graded type; Those with a porosity of more than 10% are called asphalt crushed stones and belong to the open graded type; The physical and mechanical indicators of the mixture include stability, flow value, and porosity.

沥青混合料的强度主要表现在两个方面：

The strength of asphalt mixtures is mainly manifested in two aspects:

一是沥青与矿粉形成的胶结料的粘结力；

One is the bonding strength of the binder formed by asphalt and mineral powder;

另一是集料颗粒间的内摩阻力和锁结力。

The other is the internal friction and locking force between aggregate particles.

矿粉细颗粒（大多小于0.075毫米）的巨大表面积使沥青材料形成薄膜，从而提高了沥青材料的粘结强度和温度稳定性；而锁结力则主要在粗集料颗粒之间产生。

The huge surface area of fine mineral powder particles (mostly less than 0.075 millimeters) forms a thin film of asphalt material, thereby improving the bonding strength and temperature stability of asphalt material; And the locking force is mainly generated between the coarse aggregate particles.

选择沥青混凝土矿料级配时要兼顾两者，以达到加入适量沥青后混合料能形成密实、稳定、粗糙度适宜、经久耐用的路面。

When selecting the gradation of asphalt concrete aggregates, both should be taken into account to achieve a dense, stable, moderately rough, and durable road surface after adding an appropriate amount of asphalt to the mixture.

配合矿料有多种方法，可以用公式计算，也可以凭经验规定级配范围，采用经验曲线的级配范围。

There are various methods for blending mineral materials, which can be calculated using formulas or determined based on experience. China adopts the grading range of empirical curves.

沥青混合料中的沥青适宜用量，应以试验室试验结果和工地实用情况来确定，一般在有关规范内均列有可资参考的沥青用量范围作为试配的指导。

The appropriate amount of asphalt in asphalt mixtures should be determined based on laboratory test results and practical conditions on the construction site. Generally, there are reference asphalt dosage ranges listed in relevant specifications as guidance for trial mixing.

当矿料品种、级配范围、沥青稠度和种类、拌和设施、地区气候及交通特征较固定时，也可采用经验公式估算。

When the variety of mineral materials, grading range, asphalt consistency and type, mixing facilities, regional climate and traffic characteristics are fixed, empirical formulas can also be used for estimation.

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