沥青面层出问题，很少是“没铺”，多是数据链断了：配合比只在实验室做过，现场油石比飘了；水稳基层没养好，直接覆面；井盖周边冷接缝不处理，半年跳车。

The problem with the asphalt surface layer is rarely due to "no pavement", but mostly due to broken data links: the mix proportion has only been done in the laboratory, and the on-site oil stone ratio is floating; The water stable grassroots is not well maintained and is directly covered; The cold joints around the manhole cover are not treated, resulting in half a year of jumping.

先卡住配合比三参数：

First, fix the three parameters of the mix ratio:

油石比：AC-13细粒式通常4.5%–5.5%，波动控±0.3%，偏低松散、偏高泛油；

Oil stone ratio: AC-13 fine-grained type is usually 4.5% -5.5%, with fluctuation control of ± 0.3%, low loose and high oil bleeding;

级配：盯4.75mm、2.36mm、0.075mm三道筛孔，粗骨架断档必出车辙；

Grading: Pay attention to the three sieve holes of 4.75mm, 2.36mm, and 0.075mm, and the coarse skeleton must have ruts when broken;

马歇尔：空隙率3%–5%、稳定度≥8kN、浸水残留稳定度≥80%。

Marshall: porosity of 3% -5%, stability ≥ 8kN, residual stability after immersion ≥ 80%.

温度链不能断：

The temperature chain cannot be broken:

普通沥青出料140–165℃、改性170–185℃，到场普通≥135℃、改性≥150℃，低于红线退车；

Ordinary asphalt discharge temperature is 140-165 ℃, modified temperature is 170-185 ℃, on-site ordinary temperature is ≥ 135 ℃, modified temperature is ≥ 150 ℃, and the vehicle is returned below the red line;

初压紧跟摊铺机，终压温度普通≥70℃、改性≥90℃；

The initial pressure closely follows the paver, and the final pressure temperature is generally ≥ 70 ℃ and modified ≥ 90 ℃;

济南冬初/雨季施工，篷布保温、禁雨天铺、禁洒水降温。

Construction in early winter/rainy season in Jinan, with tarpaulin insulation, no laying on rainy days, and no watering to cool down.

基层协同别跳过：

Grassroots collaboration should not be skipped:

水稳层7天无侧限强度达标、养生≥7天再上面层；

The water stable layer meets the standard of unconfined strength for 7 days and is cured for at least 7 days before being placed on the upper layer;

旧路铣刨后刷粘层油（0.3kg/㎡左右），接缝处热风预热再压，防层间脱空；

After milling and planing the old road, apply a layer of adhesive oil (about 0.3kg/㎡), preheat the joint with hot air and then press it to prevent interlayer detachment;

井盖、雨水口周边用小型压路机补压，标高控到±2mm内。

Use a small roller to supplement the pressure around the manhole cover and rainwater inlet, with the elevation controlled within ± 2mm.

验收当场取证据：

On site evidence collection for acceptance:

每1000㎡钻芯1组，测压实度（标准密度≥98%）、厚度、空隙率；

Drill one core per 1000 square meters and measure the compaction degree (standard density ≥ 98%), thickness, and porosity;

平整度3m直尺误差≤2.5mm（支路标准）；

Flatness 3m, straightedge error ≤ 2.5mm (branch standard);

渗水系数、构造深度、弯沉同步测，外观无花白料、无推移拥包。

The water permeability coefficient, structural depth, and deflection were measured simultaneously, and the appearance was free of white materials and no displacement.

表温降到50℃以下再开放交通，不拿水冲凉。

Open traffic only when the temperature drops below 50 ℃, and do not take a shower with water.

沥青面层真实质量 = 配合比可复现 + 温度可追 + 层间粘结 + 钻芯数据。少一环，颜值再平也撑不过两个冬天。

The true quality of asphalt surface layer=reproducible mix proportion+traceable temperature+interlayer bonding+core drilling data. Missing one ring, no matter how average the appearance is, it won't last for two winters.