沥青混凝土是一种由矿料、胶结料（主要是沥青）和添加剂等组成的混合材料，具有较好的柔韧性和抗压性能。它的主要特点是施工简便、施工速度快、成本相对较低、施工后可迅速通车使用等。适用于高速公路、机场跑道、停车场等场所，能够有效承受车辆的压力和运行。

Asphalt concrete is a mixed material composed of mineral aggregate, binder (mainly asphalt), and additives, which has good flexibility and compressive performance. Its main characteristics are simple construction, fast construction speed, relatively low cost, and quick opening to traffic after construction. Suitable for highways, airport runways, parking lots and other places, it can effectively withstand the pressure and operation of vehicles.

而水泥混凝土是一种由水泥、砂子、碎石等配合而成的混凝土，具有较好的耐久性和抗压性能。水泥混凝土的主要特点是强度高、耐久性好、抗压性强等。适用于桥梁、房屋、水利工程等领域，能够承受较大的荷载和保证建筑物的稳固性。

Cement concrete is a type of concrete composed of cement, sand, crushed stones, etc., which has good durability and compressive performance. The main characteristics of cement concrete are high strength, good durability, and strong compressive strength. Suitable for fields such as bridges, buildings, and hydraulic engineering, it can withstand large loads and ensure the stability of buildings.

在性能对比方面，沥青混凝土弹性模量较小，易变形，但有较好的防水性能；水泥混凝土弹性模量较大，抗压性较强，但易开裂。因此，在具体工程选择时需要根据工程性质和要求进行综合考虑。

In terms of performance comparison, asphalt concrete has a smaller elastic modulus and is prone to deformation, but it has better waterproof performance; Cement concrete has a high elastic modulus and strong compressive strength, but is prone to cracking. Therefore, when selecting a specific project, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the nature and requirements of the project.

在适用范围方面，沥青混凝土适用于对柔性要求较高的场所，如公路、停车场等；水泥混凝土适用于对刚性要求较高的场所，如桥梁、房屋等。因此，在具体工程选择时需要根据实际情况进行选择。

In terms of applicability, asphalt concrete is suitable for places with high flexibility requirements, such as highways, parking lots, etc; Cement concrete is suitable for places with high rigidity requirements, such as bridges, houses, etc. Therefore, when selecting specific projects, it is necessary to make choices based on the actual situation.

综上所述，沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土各有其特点和适用范围，在具体工程中应根据实际情况进行选择，以确保工程质量和使用效果。

In summary, asphalt concrete and cement concrete each have their own characteristics and scope of application, and should be selected according to the actual situation in specific projects to ensure project quality and effectiveness.