沥青混凝土是混凝土的一种，它是路用沥青材料与矿质材料混合拌制而成的，用于公路路面的修筑，它的种类型号众多，按所用结合料可分为石油沥青混凝土和煤沥青混凝土两类，按矿料的级配可分为Ⅰ型密级配型、Ⅱ型半开级配型、开级配型三种。沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土都属于混凝土，不过它们的使用材料、功能和缺点都存在区别。下面一起来了解一下沥青混凝土有哪几种型号吧。

　　Asphalt concrete is a type of concrete that is made by mixing asphalt materials and mineral materials for road construction. It is used in the construction of highway pavements and has many types and models. According to the binder used, it can be divided into two types: petroleum asphalt concrete and coal tar asphalt concrete. According to the grading of mineral materials, it can be divided into three types: Type I dense graded type, Type II semi open graded type, and open graded type. Asphalt concrete and cement concrete both belong to concrete, but their materials, functions, and disadvantages differ. Let's learn about the various types of asphalt concrete together.

　　一、什么是沥青混凝土

　　1、 What is asphalt concrete

　　沥青混凝土，又称沥青砼，是人工选配具有一定级配组成的矿料，碎石或轧碎砾石、石屑或砂、矿粉等，与一定比例的路用沥青材料，在严格控制条件下拌制而成的混合料，主要用于修筑公路路面。

　　Asphalt concrete, also known as asphalt concrete, is a mixture made by manually selecting mineral materials with a certain grading composition, such as crushed stone or crushed gravel, stone chips or sand, mineral powder, etc., and mixing them with a certain proportion of road asphalt materials under strictly controlled conditions. It is mainly used for constructing road surfaces.

　　二、沥青混凝土有哪几种型号

　　2、 What are the types of asphalt concrete

　　沥青混凝土的类型众多，按照不同的分类方法，有不同的型号：

　　There are many types of asphalt concrete, and according to different classification methods, there are different models:

　　1、按所用结合料分：可分为石油沥青混凝土和煤沥青混凝土两大类，有的还会采用或掺用天然沥青拌制。

　　1. According to the type of binder used, it can be divided into two categories: petroleum asphalt concrete and coal tar asphalt concrete. Some may also use or mix with natural asphalt.

　　2、按所用集料分：可分为碎石的、砾石的、砂质的、矿渣的等几类，其中碎石作为集料的沥青混凝土最为普遍。

　　2. According to the type of aggregate used, it can be divided into several categories such as crushed stone, gravel, sandy, slag, etc. Among them, asphalt concrete with crushed stone as aggregate is the most common.

　　3、按混合料最大颗粒尺寸分：可分为粗粒（35～40毫米以下）、中粒（20～25毫米以下）、细粒（10～15毫米以下）、砂粒（5～7毫米以下）等几类。

　　3. According to the maximum particle size of the mixture, it can be divided into several categories: coarse particles (below 35-40 millimeters), medium particles (below 20-25 millimeters), fine particles (below 10-15 millimeters), sand particles (below 5-7 millimeters), etc.

　　4、按矿料的级配分：可分为Ⅰ型密级配型（空隙率为3-6％）、Ⅱ型半开级配型（孔隙率为6-10％）、开级配型（空隙率10%以上）。

　　4. According to the grading of mineral materials, they can be divided into Type I dense grading (porosity of 3-6%), Type II semi open grading (porosity of 6-10%), and open grading (porosity of 10% or more).

　　5、按矿料的组成分：可分为密实-悬浮结构（如AC-Ⅰ）、骨架-空隙结构（如OGFC）和密实-骨架结构（如SMA）等。

　　5. According to the composition of the mineral material, it can be divided into dense suspended structure (such as AC-I), skeleton void structure (such as OGFC), and dense skeleton structure (such as SMA).

　　三、沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土的区别有哪些

　　3、 What are the differences between asphalt concrete and cement concrete

　　沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土都是混凝土，都可以用来修筑公路路面，不过它们在很多方面都有不同之处：

　　Asphalt concrete and cement concrete are both types of concrete that can be used to construct road surfaces, but they differ in many ways:

　　1、使用材料不同

　　1. Using different materials

　　沥青混凝土是在矿质材料中掺入路用沥青材料拌制而成的；水泥混凝土则是由水泥、砂、石等用水混合结成整体的工程复合材料。

　　Asphalt concrete is made by mixing mineral materials with road asphalt materials; Cement concrete is an engineering composite material formed by mixing cement, sand, stone, and other materials with water to form a whole.

　　2、功能不同

　　2. Different functions

　　沥青混凝土铺筑的路面提高了铺路用粒料抵抗行车和自然因素对路面损害的能力，使路面平整少尘、不透水、经久耐用；水泥混凝土铺筑的路面刚度较大、扩散荷载应力能力强、稳定性好和使用寿命长。

　　Asphalt concrete pavement improves the ability of paving aggregates to resist damage from driving and natural factors, making the road surface smooth, dust-free, impermeable, and durable; The road surface paved with cement concrete has high stiffness, strong ability to diffuse load stress, good stability, and long service life.

　　3、缺点不同

　　3. Different disadvantages

　　沥青混凝土的缺点是，拉应力超过疲劳强度或沥青面层中的平均温度低于断裂温度，会发生断裂；另外，温度较高的季节，车辆的反复碾压，沥青产生塑性流动会产生车辙。

　　The disadvantage of asphalt concrete is that if the tensile stress exceeds the fatigue strength or the average temperature in the asphalt surface layer is lower than the fracture temperature, fracture will occur; In addition, during seasons with high temperatures, repeated rolling of vehicles can cause plastic flow of asphalt and create ruts.

　　水泥混凝土的缺点是对水泥和水的需要量大，而且铺路时设置有接缝，不仅增加施工难度，还会影响行车舒适性；另外，水泥混凝土路面破坏之后，要开挖、修复比较困难。

　　The disadvantage of cement concrete is that it requires a large amount of cement and water, and there are joints set during paving, which not only increases construction difficulty but also affects driving comfort; In addition, it is difficult to excavate and repair the damaged cement concrete pavement.