压路机是一种常见的工程机械，具有良好的高原作业性能；可以碾压沙性、半粘性及粘性土壤，激振力大，影响深度达1米以上。适用于高速公路、铁路、机场跑道、大坝等大型工程项目的填方压实作业。接下来路泰工程小编将通过压路机的分类、操作技巧、选购技巧、碾压技巧、故障处理、日常维护等多个方面的压路机知识点来给大家讲讲。

Roller is a common construction machinery with good high-altitude operation performance; It can crush sandy, semi cohesive, and cohesive soils with high excitation force and an impact depth of over 1 meter. Suitable for filling and compaction operations in large-scale engineering projects such as highways, railways, airport runways, and dams. Next, the Lutai Engineering editor will explain to you the knowledge points of road rollers from multiple aspects, such as classification, operation skills, selection skills, rolling skills, fault handling, and daily maintenance.

一 、压路机的分类

1、 Classification of road rollers

压路机按工作质量范围可分为轻型、小型、中型、重型和超重型。根据压实原理的不同，压路机可分为静作用式、振动式和冲击式。根据压实轮结构型式，压路机可分为光轮式、凸块（羊脚碾）式和轮胎式等。根据压实轮组合型式，压路机可分为轮胎-光轮组合式、振动-振荡组合式等。根据压实轮作用形式，振动压路机可分为振动式、振荡式和垂直振动式等。

Road rollers can be classified into light, small, medium, heavy, and super heavy types according to their working quality range. According to different compaction principles, road rollers can be divided into static action type, vibration type, and impact type. According to the structure of the compaction wheel, road rollers can be divided into smooth wheel type, convex block (sheep foot roller) type, and tire type. According to the combination type of compaction wheels, road rollers can be divided into tire wheel combination type, vibration oscillation combination type, etc. According to the form of action of the compaction wheel, vibratory rollers can be divided into vibration type, oscillation type, and vertical vibration type.

二、压路机操作技巧知识点

2、 Knowledge points of roller operation skills

压路机向前或向后行走，此时应先试下脚刹车是否灵敏。注意：踩脚刹车时，不可用力过猛，应注意不要忘记先踩离合器。转动方向盘在原地试下，液压转向器是否有可靠。后扳发动机油门手柄使发动机达到速。变速或换向时压路机要先降低发动机转速，使压路机速度下降；变速或换向前，必须踩下主离合器，否则齿轮会发生早期磨损或折断。然后轻推或轻位变速或倒顺手柄，下到齿轮完啮合为止。

When the road roller is moving forward or backward, the foot brake should be tested for sensitivity first. Attention: When stepping on the foot brake, do not apply too much force and be careful not to forget to step on the clutch first. Turn the steering wheel and test in place to see if the hydraulic steering gear is reliable. Pull the throttle lever of the rear engine to bring the engine to speed. When changing gears or direction, the roller should first reduce the engine speed to slow down the roller speed; When shifting gears or moving forward, the main clutch must be pressed down, otherwise the gears will experience early wear or breakage. Then gently push or shift the gear shift or reverse the handle until the gears are fully engaged.

三、压路机碾压技巧

3、 Rolling skills of road roller

无论是上坡碾压还是下坡碾压，压路机的驱动轮均应在后面，这样做有以下优点：上坡时，后面的驱动轮可以承受坡道及机器自身所提供的驱动力，同时前轮对路面进行初步压实，以承受驱动轮所产生的较大的剪切力；下坡时，压路机自重所产生的冲击力是靠驱动轮的制动来抵消的，只有经前轮碾压后的混合料才有支承后驱动轮产生剪切力的能力。

Whether it is uphill rolling or downhill rolling, the driving wheels of the road roller should be at the back. This has the following advantages: when going uphill, the driving wheels at the back can withstand the driving force provided by the slope and the machine itself, while the front wheels perform preliminary compaction on the road surface to withstand the large shear force generated by the driving wheels; When going downhill, the impact force generated by the self weight of the road roller is offset by the braking of the driving wheels. Only the mixture crushed by the front wheels has the ability to support the shear force generated by the driving wheels.

四、压路机选购技巧

4、 Tips for selecting a road roller

若想获得均匀的压实密度，可选用轮胎式压路机。轮胎式压路机在碾压时不破坏土壤原有的粘度，各层土壤之间有良好的结合性能，加之前轮可摆动，故压实较为均匀，不会有虚假压实情况。若想使路面压实平整，可选用驱动式压路机。如果是长期作业于路基压实的场所，应选购强夯或冲击压路机，若要尽快达到压实效果，可选用大吨位的压路机，以缩短工期。

If you want to achieve uniform compaction density, you can choose a tire roller. The tire roller does not damage the original viscosity of the soil during compaction, and there is good bonding performance between each layer of soil. In addition, the front wheel can swing, so the compaction is relatively uniform and there will be no false compaction. If you want to compact and level the road surface, you can choose a driven roller. If it is a long-term operation site for roadbed compaction, a dynamic compaction or impact roller should be selected. To achieve the compaction effect as soon as possible, a large tonnage roller can be used to shorten the construction period.

五、常见压路机故障处理方法

5、 Common troubleshooting methods for road rollers

燃油管路空气排除方法：压路机的柴油机在使用过程中，因油箱中缺少柴油而熄火。柴油机熄火后，油箱中虽加上柴油，但此时柴油管路中已经进入空气，使用手油泵已无法恢复供油。

Method for removing air from fuel pipelines: During use, the diesel engine of the road roller may stall due to a lack of diesel in the fuel tank. After the diesel engine is turned off, although diesel is added to the fuel tank, air has already entered the diesel pipeline, and the manual oil pump cannot restore fuel supply.

为排除柴油管路中的空气，使该柴油机顺利启动，我们采取以下方法：先找来1个小盆并盛装定量柴油，将其放置在比柴油泵略高的位置；其次，将油箱连接手油泵的柴油管拆下，放入这个小盆的柴油中；再次，用手油泵泵送柴油，将低压油路中的空气排除干净后，再将油箱连接手油泵的柴油管装复后试机，柴油机启动正常。

To eliminate the air in the diesel pipeline and ensure the smooth start of the diesel engine, we adopt the following method: first, find a small basin and fill it with a certain amount of diesel, and place it slightly higher than the diesel pump; Secondly, remove the diesel pipe connecting the fuel tank to the hand pump and put it into the small basin of diesel; Once again, use a manual oil pump to pump diesel, remove the air from the low-pressure oil circuit, and then reinstall the diesel pipe connecting the fuel tank to the manual oil pump before testing the engine. The diesel engine starts normally

6、 Knowledge points for roller maintenance

变速箱保养：变速箱每季至少清洗一次，清洗时，先在热状态下，停车拧开变速箱侧的放油螺塞，把箱内润滑油放出，再把油塞拧上，箱内灌入煤油，起动柴油机，使变速箱低速运转2-3分钟，停车放掉煤油，清洗油塞并拧到变速箱上，（注意：必须将煤油清放干净，以免润滑油与残留煤油混合而失去润滑果），然后再加新润滑油，加至油面到油尺的标志线。

Gearbox maintenance: The gearbox should be cleaned at least once a season. When cleaning, first turn on the oil drain plug on the gearbox side while it is hot. Drain the lubricating oil from the gearbox, then turn on the oil plug. Fill the gearbox with kerosene, start the diesel engine, and let the gearbox run at low speed for 2-3 minutes. Stop and drain the kerosene, clean the oil plug, and screw it onto the gearbox. (Note: The kerosene must be cleaned thoroughly to prevent the lubricating oil from mixing with residual kerosene and losing its lubricating oil), and then add new lubricating oil until the oil level reaches the mark line on the dipstick.

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This article is provided with assistance from Jinan Road Roller Rental. For more related content, please click: http://www.ycgjglcl.com I hope this article can be helpful to you. Thank you for reading!