济南水稳料配比全解析：水泥剂量、骨料级配、含水量控制，一篇文章讲明白

　　Full analysis of Jinan water stable material ratio: cement dosage, aggregate gradation, and moisture content control, explained in one article

　　在济南搞道路工程，水稳料的配比设计直接关系到道路基层的强度和稳定性，是道路质量的关键。很多人对水稳料的配比一知半解，导致施工后出现基层开裂、沉降等问题。今天就结合济南本地的实际情况，给大家详细讲讲水稳料的配比设计要点，希望能帮到大家。

　　In road engineering in Jinan, the proportion design of water stable materials is directly related to the strength and stability of the road base, and is the key to road quality. Many people have only a partial understanding of the ratio of water stable materials, which leads to problems such as cracking and settlement of the base layer after construction. Today, based on the actual situation in Jinan, I will give you a detailed explanation of the key points of water stable material ratio design, hoping to help you.

　　首先要明确，水稳料就是水泥稳定碎石或水泥稳定砂砾，它的配比设计主要包括水泥剂量、骨料级配和含水量三个核心要素。这三个要素相互影响，共同决定了水稳料的最终性能。

　　Firstly, it should be clarified that water stable material refers to cement stabilized crushed stone or cement stabilized gravel, and its proportioning design mainly includes three core elements: cement dosage, aggregate grading, and moisture content. These three elements interact with each other and together determine the ultimate performance of water stable materials.

　　水泥剂量是水稳料配比设计的关键。水泥剂量过低，水稳料的强度不足，无法满足道路承载要求；水泥剂量过高，不仅会增加成本，还可能导致水稳料收缩开裂。在济南，根据道路等级和交通量的不同，水泥剂量一般控制在 3%-7% 之间。对于小区道路、乡村公路等低交通量道路，水泥剂量可以取 3%-4%；对于城市次干道、支路等中等交通量道路，水泥剂量取 4%-5%；对于城市主干道、快速路等高交通量道路，水泥剂量则需要取 5%-7%。

　　The cement dosage is the key to the design of water stable material ratio. The cement dosage is too low, and the strength of the water stable material is insufficient to meet the road bearing requirements; Excessive cement dosage not only increases costs, but may also lead to shrinkage and cracking of water stable materials. In Jinan, the cement dosage is generally controlled between 3% and 7% depending on the road grade and traffic volume. For low traffic roads such as residential roads and rural roads, the cement dosage can be set at 3% -4%; For medium traffic roads such as urban secondary roads and branch roads, the cement dosage is set at 4% -5%; For high traffic roads such as urban main roads and expressways, the cement dosage needs to be set at 5% -7%.

　　骨料级配也非常重要。骨料的级配是否良好，直接影响水稳料的压实度和强度。在济南，水稳料的骨料通常选用当地的碎石或砂砾，要求骨料级配连续均匀，最大粒径不超过 31.5mm。骨料中粗骨料和细骨料的比例要适当，粗骨料形成骨架，细骨料填充空隙，这样才能保证水稳料的密实度和稳定性。如果骨料级配不合理，会导致水稳料压实困难，出现空隙率过大、强度不足等问题。

　　The grading of aggregates is also very important. The good grading of aggregates directly affects the compaction degree and strength of water stable materials. In Jinan, the aggregates for water stable materials are usually selected from local crushed stones or gravel, requiring continuous and uniform gradation of aggregates with a maximum particle size of no more than 31.5mm. The proportion of coarse and fine aggregates in the aggregates should be appropriate, with coarse aggregates forming the skeleton and fine aggregates filling the gaps, in order to ensure the compactness and stability of water stable materials. If the aggregate grading is not reasonable, it will lead to difficulties in compacting water stable materials, resulting in problems such as excessive porosity and insufficient strength.

　　含水量的控制同样不容忽视。含水量过高，水稳料在碾压过程中容易出现弹簧现象，无法压实；含水量过低，水稳料的和易性差，也难以压实。在济南，施工时需要根据骨料的含水量和天气情况，实时调整加水量，使水稳料的含水量接近最佳含水量。最佳含水量可以通过击实试验确定，一般来说，水稳料的最佳含水量在 5%-8% 之间。

　　The control of moisture content cannot be ignored either. If the moisture content is too high, the water stable material is prone to spring phenomenon during the rolling process and cannot be compacted; Low moisture content, poor workability of water stable materials, and difficulty in compaction. In Jinan, during construction, it is necessary to adjust the amount of water added in real time according to the moisture content of the aggregate and weather conditions, so that the moisture content of the water stable material is close to the optimal moisture content. The optimal moisture content can be determined through compaction tests. Generally, the optimal moisture content for water stable materials is between 5% and 8%.

　　除了以上三个核心要素，水稳料的配比设计还需要考虑一些细节问题。比如，水泥的品种和强度等级要根据工程要求选择，一般选用 P.O 42.5 级普通硅酸盐水泥；骨料的含泥量要严格控制，含泥量过高会降低水稳料的强度和稳定性；水稳料的拌合要均匀，确保水泥和骨料充分混合。

　　In addition to the above three core elements, the proportioning design of water stable materials also needs to consider some details. For example, the variety and strength grade of cement should be selected according to the engineering requirements, and P.O 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement is generally used; The mud content of aggregates should be strictly controlled, as excessive mud content can reduce the strength and stability of water stable materials; The mixing of water stable materials should be uniform to ensure that cement and aggregates are fully mixed.

　　在济南进行水稳料配比设计时，还要结合当地的气候条件和施工工艺。济南夏季气温高，水分蒸发快，施工时要注意保湿养生；冬季气温低，水泥水化反应缓慢，要采取保温措施。同时，施工工艺也会影响水稳料的性能，比如拌合方式、碾压设备、碾压遍数等，都要严格按照规范要求执行。

　　When designing the water stable material ratio in Jinan, it is also necessary to consider the local climate conditions and construction techniques. Jinan has high summer temperatures and fast evaporation of water, so it is important to pay attention to moisturizing and health preservation during construction; In winter, the temperature is low and the cement hydration reaction is slow, so insulation measures should be taken. At the same time, construction techniques can also affect the performance of water stable materials, such as mixing methods, rolling equipment, and rolling times, which must be strictly implemented in accordance with regulatory requirements.

　　总之，济南水稳料的配比设计是一个系统工程，需要综合考虑水泥剂量、骨料级配、含水量等多个因素。只有科学合理地设计配比，并严格按照配比进行施工，才能保证道路基层的质量，建设出安全、耐用的道路工程。希望这些建议能帮到在济南搞道路工程的朋友们，祝大家施工顺利！

　　In summary, the proportioning design of water stable materials in Jinan is a systematic project that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as cement dosage, aggregate gradation, and moisture content. Only by scientifically and reasonably designing the ratio and strictly following the ratio during construction, can the quality of the road base be guaranteed and a safe and durable road project be constructed. I hope these suggestions can help friends who are engaged in road engineering in Jinan. I wish everyone a smooth construction!