名词解释：水稳：即水泥稳定碎石，是以级配碎石作骨料，采用一定数量的胶凝材料和足够的灰浆体积填充骨料的空隙，按嵌挤原理摊铺压实。其压实度接近于密实度，强度主要靠碎石间的嵌挤锁结原理，同时有足够的灰浆体积来填充骨料的空隙。它的初期强度高，并且强度随龄期而增加很快结成板体，因而具有较高的强度，抗渗度和抗冻性较好。水泥稳定碎石水泥用量一般为混合料3%～6%，7天的无侧限抗压强度可达5.0Mpa，较其他路基材料高。水泥稳定碎石成活后遇雨不泥泞，表面坚实，是高级路面的理想基层材料。

　　Definition: Water stable: refers to cement stabilized crushed stone, which is made of graded crushed stone as aggregate, filled with a certain amount of cementitious material and sufficient mortar volume to fill the gaps in the aggregate, and spread and compact according to the principle of interlocking. Its compaction degree is close to that of compactness, and its strength mainly relies on the interlocking principle between crushed stones, while having sufficient mortar volume to fill the voids of the aggregate. Its initial strength is high, and the strength increases quickly with age to form a board, thus it has high strength, good impermeability and frost resistance. The cement dosage for cement stabilized crushed stone is generally 3% to 6% of the mixture, and the unconfined compressive strength after 7 days can reach 5.0 Mpa, which is higher than other roadbed materials. Cement stabilized crushed stone, after survival, does not become muddy in the rain and has a solid surface, making it an ideal base material for high-grade road surfaces.

　　施工全过程图解说明：正式开工前需进行水泥稳定碎石配合比设计，施工方案、配合比经批复后，可进行以下施工：底基层验收对底基层进行检查验收：包括高程、中线偏位、宽度、横坡度和平整度、压实度等。所有检测项目符合设计和规范要求后方可进行下一工序。

　　Construction process diagram: Before the official start of construction, a cement stabilized crushed stone mix design is required. After the construction plan and mix ratio are approved, the following construction can be carried out: inspection and acceptance of the subgrade layer, including elevation, centerline deviation, width, cross slope, flatness, compaction, etc. All testing items must meet the design and specification requirements before proceeding to the next process.

　　施工放样

　　Construction layout

　　施工前进行测量放样，在直线上间隔为10m，在平曲线上为5m，做出标记，并打好导向控制线支架。根据松铺系数，确定摊铺厚度，松坡系数一般由试验段进行确定。高程测量混合料拌和

　　Before construction, conduct measurement and layout, with a spacing of 10m on straight lines and 5m on flat curved lines, make marks, and set up guide control line supports. According to the coefficient of loose paving, the paving thickness is determined, and the coefficient of loose slope is generally determined by the test section. Mixing of elevation measurement mixture

　　（1）开工前需验证拌和站计量系统的精确性和混合料的级配。

　　(1) Before starting work, it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the measuring system at the mixing station and the grading of the mixture.

　　（2）拌和站操作人员根据试验室下达的施工配合比通知，将各种材料的配比输入拌和站的控制电脑系统，拌和采用已经标定完成的拌和机集中拌和。

　　(2) The mixing station operator inputs the mix proportions of various materials into the control computer system of the mixing station according to the construction mix proportion notification issued by the laboratory. The mixing is carried out using a calibrated mixing machine for centralized mixing.

　　混合料的运输

　　Transportation of mixed materials

　　（1）运输车辆车厢已经清洗干净无其它杂物；

　　(1) The carriage of the transport vehicle has been cleaned and free of any other debris;

　　（2）料车在接料过程派专人指挥分前、后、中三次接料，尽量避免装料环节出现集料离析；

　　(2) During the material receiving process, a dedicated person is assigned to direct the material to be received three times: before, after, and during the loading process, in order to avoid aggregate segregation as much as possible;

　　（3）运输车辆驶入摊铺现场后，在指挥人员的指挥下有序停放，直行驶入路基上，直接倒车然后进行摊铺；

　　(3) After the transport vehicle enters the paving site, it will park in an orderly manner under the command of the commanding personnel, drive straight into the roadbed, reverse directly, and then proceed with paving;

　　（4）由专人指挥卸料，卸料车井然有序，在摊铺路面前30cm左右处停车，确保运输车辆不发生意外事故；

　　(4) Under the command of a dedicated person for unloading, the unloading vehicle should be orderly and parked about 30cm in front of the paving road to ensure that there are no accidents with the transport vehicle;

　　（5）混合料运输过程中全覆盖，减少水分损失，防止沿途漏料。

　　(5) Fully cover the mixture during transportation to reduce moisture loss and prevent material leakage along the way.

　　混合料的摊铺

　　Spread of mixture

　　（1）摊铺前应将底基层或基层下层适当酒水湿润。

　　(1) Before paving, the base layer or lower layer of the base layer should be appropriately moistened with alcohol.

　　（2）摊铺前应检查摊铺机各部分运转情况，而且每天坚持重复此项工作。

　　(2) Before paving, the operation of each part of the paver should be checked, and this work should be repeated every day.

　　（3）调整好传感器臂与导向控制线的关系；严格控制基层厚度和高程，保证路拱横坡度满足设计要求。

　　(3) Adjust the relationship between the sensor arm and the guidance control line; Strictly control the thickness and elevation of the base layer to ensure that the cross slope of the road arch meets the design requirements.

　　（4）摊铺机宜连续摊铺。虽拌和机生产能力满足现场施工需求，但在用摊铺机摊铺混合料时，要采用最低速度摊铺，禁止摊铺机停机待料。根据经验，摊铺机的摊铺速度一般宜在1m/min左右。

　　(4) The paver should be used for continuous paving. Although the production capacity of the mixer meets the on-site construction needs, when using the paver to spread the mixture, the lowest speed should be used for spreading, and the paver should not be stopped for waiting for materials. Based on experience, the paving speed of a paver should generally be around 1m/min.

　　（5）基层混合料摊铺应采用两台摊铺机梯队作业，一前一后应保证速度一致、摊铺厚度一致、松铺系数一致、路拱坡度一致、摊铺平整度一致、振动频率一致等，两机摊铺接缝平整。

　　(5) The paving of grassroots mixture should be carried out in a staggered manner using two pavers, one in front and one behind, to ensure consistent speed, paving thickness, loose paving coefficient, road arch slope, paving smoothness, vibration frequency, etc. The paving joints of the two machines should be smooth.

　　（6）摊铺机的螺旋布料器应有三分之二埋入混合料中。

　　(6) The spiral feeder of the paver should be two-thirds buried in the mixture.

　　（7）在摊铺机后面应设专人消除细集料离析现象，特别应该铲除局部粗集料“窝”，并用新拌混合料填补。

　　(7) A dedicated person should be assigned behind the paver to eliminate the segregation of fine aggregate, especially to remove local coarse aggregate "pits" and fill them with fresh mixed material.

　　混合料摊铺混合料的碾压具体碾压遍数及速度需根据试验段结果确定。

　　The specific number of rolling passes and speed for paving the mixture should be determined based on the results of the test section.

　　（1）每台摊铺机后面，应紧跟振动压路机和轮胎压路机从边部向中间进行碾压，一次碾压长度一般为50m～80m。碾压段落必须层次分明，设置明显的分界标志，有监理旁站。

　　(1) Behind each paver, a vibratory roller and a tire roller should be used to roll from the edge to the middle, with a rolling length of generally 50m to 80m. The compacted sections must be clearly layered, with clear boundary markers and supervision on site.

　　（2）碾压应遵循试验段确定的程序与工艺。注意稳压要充分，振压不起浪、不推移。压实时，可以先稳压(遍数适中，压实度达到90%)→开始轻振动碾压→再重振动碾压→最后胶轮稳压，压至无轮迹为止。碾压过程中，用灌砂法进行压实度检测，不合格时，重复再压(注意检测压实时间)，碾压完成后再次检测压实度，直至压实度符合要求。

　　(2) Rolling should follow the procedures and processes determined by the test section. Pay attention to sufficient voltage stabilization, and ensure that the vibration pressure does not generate waves or shift. When compacting, you can first stabilize the pressure (with moderate passes and a compaction degree of 90%) → start light vibration rolling → then heavy vibration rolling → finally stabilize the pressure with rubber wheels until there are no wheel marks. During the compaction process, the sand filling method is used to test the compaction degree. If it fails, the compaction is repeated (pay attention to the compaction time). After the compaction is completed, the compaction degree is checked again until it meets the requirements.

　　（3）压路机碾压时应重叠1/2轮宽。

　　(3) The roller should overlap by half the wheel width when rolling.

　　（4）压路机倒车换挡要轻且平顺，不要拉动基层，在第一遍初步稳压时，倒车后尽量原路返回，换挡位置应在已压好的段落上,在未碾压的一头换挡倒车位置错开,要成齿状，出现个别拥包时，应专配工人进行铲平处理。

　　(4) The reverse gear shift of the road roller should be light and smooth, without pulling the base layer. During the initial stabilization of the first pass, try to return to the original road as much as possible after reversing. The gear shift position should be on the already compacted section, and the reverse position should be staggered on the unrolled end, forming a tooth shape. When there are individual bags, a dedicated worker should be assigned to level them.

　　（5）压路机碾压时的行驶速度，第1～2遍为1.5～1.7km/h， 以后各遍为1.8～2.2km/h.

　　(5) The driving speed of the road roller during compaction is 1.5-1.7km/h for the first and second passes, and 1.8-2.2km/h for each subsequent pass

　　（6）压路机停车要错开,而且离开3m远，最好停在已碾压好的路段上，以免破坏基层结构。

　　(6) The parking of the roller should be staggered and kept 3 meters away. It is best to park on the already compacted road section to avoid damaging the base structure.

　　（7）严禁压路机在已完成的或正在碾压的路段上调头和急刹车，以保证水泥稳定碎石层表面不受破坏。碾压横缝设置水泥稳定类混合料摊铺时，必须连续作业不中断，如因故中断时间超过2h，则应设横缝；每天收工之后，第二天开工的接头断面也要设置横缝；每当通过桥涵，特别是明涵、明通，在其两边需要设置横缝，基层的横缝与桥头搭板尾端吻合。要特别注意桥头搭板前水泥稳定碎石的碾压。

　　(7) It is strictly prohibited for the road roller to turn around or brake abruptly on the completed or rolling road section to ensure that the surface of the cement stabilized crushed stone layer is not damaged. When paving cement stabilized mixtures with transverse joints, continuous operation must be carried out without interruption. If the interruption time exceeds 2 hours due to reasons, transverse joints should be installed; After the end of each day's work, the joint section that starts the next day should also be equipped with transverse joints; Whenever passing through bridges and culverts, especially open culverts and clear passages, transverse joints need to be set on both sides, and the transverse joints of the base layer should match the tail end of the bridge deck. Special attention should be paid to the compaction of cement stabilized crushed stone before the bridge deck construction.

　　横缝设置覆盖养生

　　Horizontal seam setting covers health preservation

　　（1）每一段碾压完成以后立即开始养生，并同时进行压实度检查。

　　(1) After each compaction is completed, start curing immediately and conduct compaction degree inspection at the same time.

　　（2）养生方法：应将土工布湿润，然后人工覆盖在碾压完成的基层顶面。覆盖2h后，再用洒水车洒水。在7d内保持基层处于湿润状态，28d内正常养护。不得用湿粘土、塑料薄膜或塑料编织物覆盖。上一层路面结构施工时方可移走覆盖物，养生期间应定期洒水。

　　(2) Health preservation method: The geotextile should be moistened and then manually covered on the top surface of the compacted base layer. After covering for 2 hours, use a sprinkler truck to water again. Keep the base layer moist within 7 days and maintain it normally within 28 days. Do not cover with wet clay, plastic film, or plastic woven fabric. The covering can only be removed during the construction of the previous pavement structure, and regular watering should be carried out during the maintenance period.

　　养生结束后，必须将覆盖物清除干净。

　　After the health preservation is completed, the covering must be cleaned thoroughly.

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