水稳料（水泥稳定碎石材料）与沥青料（沥青混合料）是道路建设中常用的两种材料，它们在成分、性能、施工工艺和应用场景等方面存在明显区别，以下是主要差异：1. 成分与性质

　　Water stabilized aggregate (cement stabilized crushed stone material) and asphalt aggregate (asphalt mixture) are two commonly used materials in road construction. They have significant differences in composition, performance, construction technology, and application scenarios. The following are the main differences: 1 Composition and Properties

　　· 水稳料：主要由水泥、级配碎石（或砾石）和水按特定比例混合而成，属于半刚性材料。水泥作为胶结材料，将碎石颗粒粘结在一起，形成具有一定强度和稳定性的板体结构。

　　·Water stable material: mainly composed of cement, graded crushed stone (or gravel), and water mixed in a specific proportion, belonging to semi-rigid materials. Cement, as a bonding material, binds crushed stone particles together to form a plate structure with certain strength and stability.

　　· 沥青料：由沥青（通常为石油提炼的黑色胶状物质）与粗集料（如碎石）、细集料（如砂）、矿粉等按一定比例混合而成，属于粘弹性材料。沥青在不同温度和荷载作用下表现出不同的力学特性，具有较好的柔韧性和抗变形能力。2. 性能特点

　　·Asphalt material: It is a viscoelastic material made by mixing asphalt (usually a black gelatinous substance extracted from petroleum) with coarse aggregates (such as crushed stone), fine aggregates (such as sand), mineral powder, etc. in a certain proportion. Asphalt exhibits different mechanical properties under different temperatures and loads, with good flexibility and deformation resistance. 2. Performance characteristics

　　· 水稳料：

　　·Water stable material:

　　· 强度高：能承受较大的荷载压力，为上层路面提供稳固支撑，尤其适合重载交通道路。

　　·High strength: able to withstand large load pressures, providing stable support for the upper pavement, especially suitable for heavy-duty traffic roads.

　　· 稳定性好：具有较好的水稳定性和抗冻性，能在潮湿或寒冷环境下保持性能稳定。

　　·Good stability: It has good water stability and frost resistance, and can maintain stable performance in humid or cold environments.

　　· 刚性较大：表面相对粗糙，直接行车会导致颠簸和轮胎磨损，需铺设沥青面层进行保护。

　　·High rigidity: The surface is relatively rough, and direct driving can cause bumps and tire wear, requiring the laying of asphalt surface layer for protection.

　　· 沥青料：

　　·Asphalt material:

　　· 柔韧性好：能适应路面的微小变形，减少裂缝产生，提高路面的耐久性。

　　·Good flexibility: able to adapt to small deformations of the road surface, reduce the occurrence of cracks, and improve the durability of the road surface.

　　· 平整度高：施工后表面光滑，行车舒适性好，能有效降低噪音和轮胎磨损。

　　·High flatness: The surface is smooth after construction, providing good driving comfort and effectively reducing noise and tire wear.

　　· 防水性能好：致密的结构可防止水分渗透，保护下层水稳层不受水损害。3. 施工工艺

　　·Good waterproof performance: The dense structure can prevent water infiltration and protect the lower water stable layer from water damage. 3. Construction technology

　　· 水稳料：

　　·Water stable material:

　　· 施工时需严格控制水泥用量、碎石级配和含水量，确保混合料均匀性。

　　·During construction, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of cement, gravel grading, and moisture content to ensure the uniformity of the mixture.

　　· 摊铺后需及时进行压实，压实度要求较高（一般需达96%以上），且需在水泥初凝前完成施工。

　　·After paving, it is necessary to compact it in a timely manner, with a high degree of compaction requirement (generally above 96%), and the construction should be completed before the initial setting of the cement.

　　· 施工完成后需进行养护，保持表面湿润，防止干缩裂缝产生。

　　·After construction is completed, maintenance should be carried out to keep the surface moist and prevent the occurrence of shrinkage cracks.

　　· 沥青料：

　　·Asphalt material:

　　· 施工前需将沥青加热至合适温度（通常160℃-180℃），以保证其流动性。

　　·Before construction, the asphalt needs to be heated to a suitable temperature (usually 160 ℃ -180 ℃) to ensure its fluidity.

　　· 摊铺时需使用加热的熨平板，确保沥青混合料均匀铺设，形成平整的路面。

　　·When paving, a heated ironing board should be used to ensure that the asphalt mixture is evenly spread and forms a smooth road surface.

　　· 压实是关键环节，需在沥青温度较高时进行，以达到设计的压实度和孔隙率。4. 应用场景

　　·Compaction is a critical step that needs to be carried out when the asphalt temperature is high to achieve the designed compaction degree and porosity. 4. Application Scenarios

　　· 水稳料：主要用于道路基层施工，作为道路的承重层，为上层路面提供稳定支撑，适用于各种等级的道路，尤其适合重载交通、多雨或寒冷地区的道路基层。

　　·Water stable material: mainly used for road base construction, as the load-bearing layer of the road, providing stable support for the upper pavement, suitable for various grades of roads, especially for road base in heavy traffic, rainy or cold areas.

　　· 沥青料：主要用于道路面层施工，直接承受车辆荷载和环境作用，适用于对平整度、舒适性和防水性能要求较高的道路面层，如高速公路、城市主干道等。总结来说，水稳料和沥青料在道路建设中相互配合，水稳料提供强度和稳定性，沥青料提供平整度和耐久性，共同构成完整的道路结构体系。

　　·Asphalt material: mainly used for road surface construction, directly bearing vehicle loads and environmental effects, suitable for road surface layers with high requirements for flatness, comfort, and waterproof performance, such as highways, urban main roads, etc. In summary, water stable materials and asphalt materials complement each other in road construction. Water stable materials provide strength and stability, while asphalt materials provide smoothness and durability, together forming a complete road structural system.

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