一、水稳层定义水泥稳定碎石?是指将一定级配（不同粒径按比例搭配）的碎石、砾石等集料，与一定比例的水泥和水，经拌和、摊铺、压实和养生后，形成的具有较高强度和稳定性的筑路材料。它的核心原理是利用水泥的水化作用，将松散的碎石胶结成一个坚实的整体。

　　1、 Definition of water stable layer: cement stabilized crushed stone? It refers to the construction material with high strength and stability formed by mixing, paving, compacting, and curing a certain proportion of crushed stone, gravel, and other aggregates with a certain gradation (different particle sizes are proportioned), cement, and water. Its core principle is to use the hydration effect of cement to bond loose crushed stones into a solid whole.

　　二、水稳层作用水稳层作为高级公路的主要构成，是一个重要的基础性结构，其作用：水稳层是硬质路面和土质路基的过度层，它有效的和路面及路基结合，形成一个有机体。水稳层具有一定的强度和刚度。高于路基低于路面，既保证铺设路面一定厚度，满足承载负荷，又能减少建设成本。水稳层可将路面承受的车辆荷载均衡的扩散到路基，具有一定的韧性。水稳层的碎石粗沙有良好的滤水性，可减少路基积水而使其承载能力下降。

　　2、 The water stable layer serves as the main component of high-grade highways and is an important foundational structure. Its function is to serve as a transition layer between hard pavement and soil subgrade, effectively combining with the pavement and subgrade to form an organic body. The water stable layer has a certain strength and stiffness. Higher than the roadbed and lower than the road surface, it ensures a certain thickness of the road surface, meets the load-bearing capacity, and reduces construction costs. The water stable layer can evenly distribute the vehicle load borne by the road surface to the roadbed, and has a certain degree of toughness. The gravel and coarse sand in the water stable layer have good water filtration properties, which can reduce the accumulation of water in the roadbed and reduce its bearing capacity.

　　三、水稳主要组成部分水稳材料主要由粒料和灰浆体积组成。粒料为级配碎石，灰浆体积包括水和胶凝材料，胶凝材料由水泥和混合材料组成。1、水泥水泥作为集合料的一种稳定剂，其质量对集料的质量是至关重要的，施工时选用终凝时间较长，标号较低的水泥。为使稳定土有足够的时间进行拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压以及保证其具有足够的强度，不应使用快凝水泥、早强水泥以及受潮变质水泥。

　　3、 The main components of water stability are composed of granular materials and mortar volume. The granular material is graded crushed stone, and the mortar volume includes water and cementitious materials, which are composed of cement and mixed materials. 1. As a stabilizer for aggregates, the quality of cement is crucial to the quality of aggregates. During construction, cement with longer final setting time and lower grade should be selected. In order to allow sufficient time for stable soil to be mixed, transported, spread, compacted, and to ensure sufficient strength, fast setting cement, early strength cement, and cement that has deteriorated due to moisture should not be used.

　　2、混合材料混合材料分活性和非活性两大类。活性材料是指粉煤灰等物质，可与水泥中析出的氧化钙作用。非活性材料是指不具有活性或活性甚低的人工或天然的矿物材料，对这类材料的品质要求是材料的细度和不含有害的成分。

　　2. Mixed materials are divided into two categories: active and inactive. Active materials refer to substances such as fly ash that can react with the precipitated calcium oxide in cement. Non active materials refer to artificial or natural mineral materials that do not have activity or have very low activity. The quality requirements for such materials are the fineness of the material and the absence of harmful components.

　　3、集料应用人工集配碎石，道路工程用做底基层时集料的最大粒径不应超过40mm；用作基层时，集料的最大粒径不应超过30mm。石料的磨耗值不超过35%，石料的压碎值不超过30%。

　　3. The aggregate should be manually mixed with crushed stone. When used as a base layer in road engineering, the maximum particle size of the aggregate should not exceed 40mm; when used as a base layer, the maximum particle size of the aggregate should not exceed 30mm. The wear value of the stone material should not exceed 35%, and the crushing value of the stone material should not exceed 30%.

　　4、水通常适合于饮用的水，均可拌制和养护水稳。如对水质有疑问，要确定水中是否有对水泥强度发展有重大影响的物质时，需要进行试验。从水源中取水制成的水泥砂浆的抗压强度与蒸馏水制成的水泥砂浆抗压强度比，低于90%者，此种水不许用于水稳施工。

　　4. Water is usually suitable for drinking and can be mixed and maintained for water stability. If there are doubts about water quality, it is necessary to conduct tests to determine whether there are substances in the water that have a significant impact on the development of cement strength. If the compressive strength ratio of cement mortar made from water sources to cement mortar made from distilled water is less than 90%, this type of water is not allowed to be used for water stable construction.

　　四、与二灰碎石和砼（混凝土）区别1、与二灰碎石区别二灰碎石是一种缓凝性硅酸盐材料在一定的温度、湿度下其强度随龄期的延长而增加后期强度高。二灰碎石基层具有良好的力学性能、板体形态、水稳定性和抗冰冻稳定性等特性 。因此，石灰、粉煤灰和碎石按一定比例混合，在最佳含水量时，压实成型具有一定抗压强度的基层称为二灰碎石基层。与水稳不同之处体现在以下几点：

　　4、 Difference from fly ash stabilized crushed stone and concrete (concrete): 1. Difference from fly ash stabilized crushed stone. Fly ash stabilized crushed stone is a type of retarding silicate material whose strength increases with age under certain temperature and humidity conditions, resulting in higher strength in the later stage. The second ash crushed stone base has good mechanical properties, board shape, water stability, and anti freezing stability. Therefore, when lime, fly ash, and crushed stone are mixed in a certain proportion and compacted to form a base layer with a certain compressive strength at the optimal moisture content, it is called a fly ash crushed stone base layer. The differences from water stability are reflected in the following points:

　　（1）二灰是由石灰粉煤灰等混合而成，水稳则是主要由水泥、碎石等组成。

　　(1) Lime fly ash is a mixture of lime, fly ash, and other materials, while water stable is mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, and other materials.

　　（2）二灰的强度形成相对较慢，但后期强度较高，且抗裂性较好。水稳则早期强度较高，能较快地提供稳定的路面结构，在道路建设中各有优势。

　　(2) The strength formation of fly ash is relatively slow, but the later strength is higher and the crack resistance is better. Water stability has higher early strength and can quickly provide a stable pavement structure, which has its own advantages in road construction.

　　2、与砼（混凝土）区别砼是混凝土的俗称，说白了就是“人工石”。但是“水稳料”绝对不是混凝土添加剂，混凝土添加剂一般称为“外加剂”，提高混凝土的某方面的特性。“水稳料”是在一些建筑材料中（碎石土，碎石等），加入一定掺量的水泥（一般来讲这个掺量没有混凝土高，在5%左右，造价也比混凝土便宜），达到一定的稳定效果。一般来讲作为建筑的基层或者路面基层使用，具有一定程度的强度和隔水效果，而且刚度不是很大，具有一定的柔性作用。它与水稳不同之处体现在以下几点：

　　2. Different from concrete (concrete), concrete is commonly known as "artificial stone". However, "water stable materials" are definitely not concrete additives. Concrete additives are generally referred to as "additives" to enhance certain characteristics of concrete. 'Water stabilized material' refers to adding a certain amount of cement to some building materials (such as crushed stone soil, crushed stone, etc.) (generally speaking, this amount is not as high as concrete, around 5%, and the cost is also cheaper than concrete) to achieve a certain stabilizing effect. Generally speaking, it is used as the base layer of buildings or road surfaces, with a certain degree of strength and waterproof effect, and the stiffness is not very high, with a certain degree of flexibility. The differences between it and water stability are reflected in the following points:

　　（1）配料不同。水稳主材为水泥固结级搭配碎石，经过压实制造而成；混凝土主材为凝胶材料、颗粒状集料、水和外加剂等按一定比例制配而成。

　　(1) The ingredients are different. The main material for water stability is cement consolidated grade mixed with crushed stone, which is manufactured by compaction; The main materials of concrete are gel materials, granular aggregates, water and admixtures in a certain proportion.

　　（2）物理反应不同。水稳具有隔水及稳定性；而混凝土具有流动性、可塑性及易抹面性等。

　　(2) The physical reactions are different. Water stability has the ability to isolate and stabilize water; Concrete has fluidity, plasticity, and easy plastering properties.

　　（3）性质不同。水稳具有良好的板体性和抗冻性，比石稳更佳，但水分变化时容易产生干缩裂缝；混凝土在荷载变化的情况下易产生变形，包括弹性变形、收缩及温度变形，长期荷载作用下，应力持续减少的现象为松弛。

　　(3) Different in nature. Water stability has good board properties and frost resistance, better than stone stability, but it is prone to dry shrinkage cracks when the moisture changes; Concrete is prone to deformation under changing loads, including elastic deformation, shrinkage, and temperature deformation. The phenomenon of continuous stress reduction under long-term load is relaxation.

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