1.沥青混凝土总述

　　1. Overview of Asphalt Concrete

　　沥青混合料是由矿料与沥青结合料拌和而成的混合料的总称。按材料组成及结构分为连续级配、间断级配混合料。按矿料级配组成及空隙率大小分为密级配、半开级配、开级配混合料。按公称最大粒径的大小可分为特粗式（公称最大粒径大于31.5mm）、粗粒式（公称最大粒径等于或大于26.5mm）、中粒式（公称最大粒径16mm或19mm）、细粒式（公称最大粒径9.5mm或13.2mm）、砂粒式（公称最大粒径小于9.5mm）沥青混合料。按制造工艺分为热拌沥青混合料、冷拌沥青混合料、再生沥青混合料等。

　　Asphalt mixture is a general term for a mixture made by mixing mineral aggregate and asphalt binder. According to material composition and structure, it can be divided into continuous graded and intermittent graded mixtures. According to the composition of mineral aggregate grading and the size of void ratio, it is divided into dense graded, semi open graded, and open graded mixtures. According to the nominal maximum particle size, asphalt mixtures can be divided into ultra coarse type (nominal maximum particle size greater than 31.5mm), coarse type (nominal maximum particle size equal to or greater than 26.5mm), medium type (nominal maximum particle size 16mm or 19mm), fine type (nominal maximum particle size 9.5mm or 13.2mm), and sand type (nominal maximum particle size less than 9.5mm) asphalt mixtures. According to the manufacturing process, it can be divided into hot mix asphalt mixture, cold mix asphalt mixture, recycled asphalt mixture, etc.

　　2.质量管理与控制的内容

　　2. Content of Quality Management and Control

　　与其他产品一样，沥青混凝土路面也是工、料、机三个主要因素结合而生产出来的。因此，沥青混凝土路面的质量管理与控制就是对工、料、机的管理与控制。

　　Like other products, asphalt concrete pavement is also produced by combining the three main factors of labor, materials, and machinery. Therefore, the quality management and control of asphalt concrete pavement is the management and control of labor, materials, and machinery.

　　2.1 对人的管理

　　2.1 Management of people

　　生产过程中各工序和主要岗位(含管理人员)必须由有经验的人员或经过培训取得上岗资格的人员操作或管理。要有明确、严格的岗位责任制。要有严格的奖惩措施。要把每个人的切身利益与产品的质量紧密联系起来。使他们既有干好的技能。又有干好的愿望和动力。要经常对全体员工进行产品质量重要性的教育。特别是各级领导者必须牢固树立质量是企业生命的思想。

　　Each process and main position (including management personnel) in the production process must be operated or managed by experienced personnel or personnel who have obtained job qualifications through training. There should be a clear and strict job responsibility system. There should be strict reward and punishment measures. We need to closely link everyone's personal interests with the quality of the product. Enable them to possess excellent skills. There is also a desire and motivation to do well. Regularly educate all employees on the importance of product quality. Especially leaders at all levels must firmly establish the idea that quality is the life of the enterprise.

　　2.2 原材料的管理与控制

　　2.2 Management and Control of Raw Materials

　　对用于永久性工程的材料。免费论文参考网。应严格按有关规定和要求进行质量检验。把好原材料质量关。保证使用的原材料全部合格。对各种混合料的管理与控制。首先是抓配合比设计。使用于生产的配合比设计理想。然后是抓生产过程中的质量管理与控制。对沥青混合料来说。一是控制好油石比和矿料级配。二是控制好各个环节的温度。发现问题及时调整。这两个问题控制好了。质量就有保证。对半刚性基层、底基层混合料主要是控制好水泥、石灰等稳定材料的剂量。这是保证强度符合要求的主要因素，不得减料，必须用足；其次是生石灰消解要充分，过筛要严格，防止未消解的石灰块，否则将造成路面拱起；此外，含水量要适当，否则难以压实。

　　For materials used in permanent projects. Free paper reference website. Quality inspection should be strictly carried out in accordance with relevant regulations and requirements. Ensure the quality of raw materials. Ensure that all raw materials used are qualified. Management and control of various mixtures. Firstly, focus on the design of the mix proportion. Ideal mix design for production. Next is to focus on quality management and control in the production process. For asphalt mixtures. One is to control the oil stone ratio and mineral grading well. The second is to control the temperature of each link well. Identify problems and make timely adjustments. These two issues have been controlled. Quality is guaranteed. The main focus of semi-rigid base and subbase mixtures is to control the dosage of stabilizing materials such as cement and lime. This is the main factor to ensure that the strength meets the requirements, and the material must not be reduced and must be used sufficiently; Secondly, the digestion of quicklime should be sufficient, and the screening should be strict to prevent undissolved lime blocks, otherwise it will cause the road surface to arch; In addition, the moisture content should be appropriate, otherwise it will be difficult to compact.

　　2.3对施工机械的管理

　　2.3 Management of Construction Machinery

　　先进、良好的机械设备是保证质量、提高效率、加快进度与改善劳动条件的基础。机械管理主要是让各种路面施工机械处于良好状态、充分发挥其应有的作用。拌和厂和工地应有一个精干的机械维修小组并配备足够、适用的机具和易损零配件。免费论文参考网。一旦发生故障应能很快排除或修复。各类操作机手应持证上岗，严格按操作规程运行。漏油的机械、车辆不应上路，以避免给路面造成污染和损坏。

　　Advanced and good mechanical equipment is the foundation for ensuring quality, improving efficiency, accelerating progress, and improving working conditions. Mechanical management mainly aims to keep various road construction machinery in good condition and fully utilize their intended functions. The mixing plant and construction site should have a lean mechanical maintenance team equipped with sufficient and suitable machinery and vulnerable parts. Free paper reference website. Once a malfunction occurs, it should be able to be quickly resolved or repaired. All types of operators should hold certificates and operate strictly in accordance with the operating procedures. Oil leaking machinery and vehicles should not be driven on the road to avoid pollution and damage to the road surface.

　　沥青路面质量的好坏主要取决于沥青混凝土及其摊铺质量。间歇式拌合站的工作原理是中央控制室发出开机命令后，冷料仓的骨料落入各热料仓室。各骨料和粉料各由称量斗内电子称计量，随后投入拌合之内，称量好后的热沥青随后喷入缸内。各种料搅拌后，形成成品，卸到料斗里，最后通过卸料闸门将成品料放到运输车上。骨料的运送、烘干、筛分以及粉料和沥青的输送是可控的、按周期进行。

　　The quality of asphalt pavement mainly depends on the quality of asphalt concrete and its paving. The working principle of the intermittent mixing station is that after the central control room issues a startup command, the aggregates from the cold bin fall into each hot bin room. Each aggregate and powder is measured by an electronic scale in the weighing hopper, and then put into the mixing process. The weighed hot asphalt is then sprayed into the tank. After mixing various materials, finished products are formed and discharged into the hopper. Finally, the finished materials are placed on the transport vehicle through the discharge gate. The transportation, drying, screening of aggregates, as well as the transportation of powder and asphalt, are controllable and carried out on a periodic basis.

　　沥青混凝土拌合站生产质量的质量主要体现在它的指标——稳定度和流值，而稳定度和流值表征高温时混合料的稳定性和抗变形能力，实际上是反映沥青混凝土的材料强度和材料形成后变形能力的指标。所以我们控制混合料的质量应从如下主要方面做起。

　　The quality of asphalt concrete mixing plant production is mainly reflected in its indicators - stability and flow value, which characterize the stability and deformation resistance of the mixture at high temperatures. In fact, stability and flow value are indicators that reflect the material strength and deformation ability of asphalt concrete after material formation. So we should start controlling the quality of the mixture from the following main aspects.

　　一、矿料

　　1、 Mineral material

　　粗矿料是粒径是2.36～25mm的碎石，需要在混凝土面层通过集料颗粒的嵌锁作用提供稳定性和通过摩擦力作用抵抗位移。这就要求它的力学性质应满足沥青混凝土技术要求，并且具有一定的形状（形状影响混凝土密实度，高温稳定性和路面结构强度）。要求粗集料是破碎后有粗糙表面和棱角的正方体颗粒。针片状含量低，集料间还有较高的内摩擦力。

　　Coarse aggregate is a type of crushed stone with a particle size of 2.36-25mm, which needs to provide stability through the interlocking effect of aggregate particles on the concrete surface layer and resist displacement through frictional force. This requires that its mechanical properties meet the technical requirements of asphalt concrete and have a certain shape (shape affects the compactness of concrete, high temperature stability, and pavement structural strength). Coarse aggregate is required to be cubic particles with rough surfaces and sharp edges after crushing. Low needle like content and high internal friction between aggregates.

　　二、细集料

　　2、 Fine aggregate

　　细集料是指粒径在0.075～2.36mm之间的破碎岩石，矿碴和矿粉要求清洁干净，不含粘土和其他有害物质，应有可能的棱角从而增加颗粒间的嵌锁作用和减少集料间孔隙，增加混合料的稳定性。

　　Fine aggregate refers to broken rocks with a particle size between 0.075 and 2.36mm. Mineral slag and powder should be clean, free of clay and other harmful substances, and have possible edges to increase interlocking between particles and reduce pores between aggregates, thereby increasing the stability of the mixture.

　　三、沥青

　　3、 Asphalt

　　在使用前检查沥青的各项指标是否符合交通石油沥青技术要求，包括针入度、强度、软化点、闪点，熔解度、含蜡量、薄膜烘箱加热试验指标。沥青标号应根据当地气候情况选取，选用沥青标号越高，针入度越大，稠度越低。适用气温越低的地区，这样筑成的路面的低温抗裂性越好，但高温稳定性较差。通常根据层面的不同选用不同的型号沥青，表面层应采用较稀的沥青，以提高表面层的抗裂性能。而中、下层采用较稠的沥青以提高其抗车辙能力。沥青的稠度越高，针入度PI指数越高，路面的高温稳定性和抗车辙能力越强，但温抗裂性差。所以施工可以在石油沥青中掺加各种改性剂，以提高沥青路面的高温稳定性和低温搞裂性。含蜡量也应控制在3%以下，含蜡量过高，会影响路面的高温稳定和低温抗裂，也会影响沥青的粘附性。

　　Before use, check whether the various indicators of asphalt meet the technical requirements of transportation petroleum asphalt, including penetration, strength, softening point, flash point, melting point, wax content, and film oven heating test indicators. The asphalt grade should be selected according to the local climate conditions. The higher the asphalt grade, the greater the penetration and the lower the viscosity. The lower the temperature, the better the low-temperature crack resistance of the road surface constructed in this way, but the high-temperature stability is poor. Usually, different types of asphalt are selected based on the different layers, and thinner asphalt should be used for the surface layer to improve its crack resistance. And thicker asphalt is used in the middle and lower layers to improve their resistance to rutting. The higher the viscosity of asphalt, the higher the penetration PI index, and the stronger the high-temperature stability and anti rutting ability of the road surface, but the thermal crack resistance is poor. So various modifiers can be added to petroleum asphalt during construction to improve the high-temperature stability and low-temperature cracking of asphalt pavement. The wax content should also be controlled below 3%. If the wax content is too high, it will affect the high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance of the road surface, as well as the adhesion of asphalt.

　　四、配合比的控制

　　4、 Control of mix proportion

　　目标配合比的设计应从反复试验中选取，定出各级配的数量后，进行马歇尔试验，确定最佳沥青用量，从而确定各规格料仓的配料比例。经过给料时间先后顺序，使被加热的新矿料在干燥筒的燃烧口一端的出料口从内筒流到外筒内舱中，与同时到达的填充料等混合料经干搅，从卸料口排出，混合料进行筛分、调整各规格料仓和填充料的配合比，直至关键筛孔通过率与目标级配范围中值的误差在规定值内。

　　The design of the target mix proportion should be selected from repeated experiments. After determining the quantity of each level of mix, Marshall tests should be conducted to determine the optimal asphalt dosage and thus determine the proportioning of each specification silo. After the feeding time sequence, the heated new mineral material flows from the inner cylinder to the inner compartment of the outer cylinder through the discharge port at one end of the combustion port of the drying cylinder. It is then mixed with the filling material and other materials that arrive at the same time and discharged from the discharge port. The mixture is screened and the mix proportions of various specifications of material bins and filling materials are adjusted until the error between the critical sieve pass rate and the median value of the target grading range is within the specified value.

　　五、温度控制

　　5、 Temperature control

　　在《规范》中，沥青加热控制在150～170℃，矿料温度比沥青高10～20℃，混合料出厂温度为140～155℃，沥青混合料成品料出厂温度直接影响摊铺质量和碾压质量，运输到摊铺机使用时，温度控制在135～150℃之间，最初碾压温度不能低于135℃，最后碾压温度不低于110℃，开放交通不高于60℃，生产过程中随时检测成品料温度，及时反馈给操作室，控好温度。

　　In the "Specification", the heating of asphalt is controlled at 150-170 ℃, the temperature of mineral aggregate is 10-20 ℃ higher than that of asphalt, and the factory temperature of the mixture is 140-155 ℃. The factory temperature of the finished asphalt mixture directly affects the paving and rolling quality. When transported to the paver for use, the temperature is controlled between 135-150 ℃. The initial rolling temperature should not be lower than 135 ℃, and the final rolling temperature should not be lower than 110 ℃. The open traffic temperature should not be higher than 60 ℃. During the production process, the temperature of the finished material should be detected at any time, and timely feedback should be given to the operating room to control the temperature.

　　沥青混凝土的摊铺温度根据气温变化进行调整。一般正常施工控制在不低于110～130℃，但不超过165℃。

　　The paving temperature of asphalt concrete is adjusted according to changes in temperature. The normal construction temperature is generally controlled at not less than 110-130 ℃, but not exceeding 165 ℃.

　　沥青混凝土摊铺注意事项如下：

　　The precautions for asphalt concrete paving are as follows:

　　1、检查下承层

　　1. Check the underlying layer

　　2、沥青混合料配比设计，一是要确定矿料的配合比例，二是确定沥青用量。

　　2. The design of asphalt mixture ratio involves determining the mix proportion of mineral aggregate and the amount of asphalt used.

　　3、 沥青拌合：用间歇式拌合机

　　3. Asphalt mixing: using an intermittent mixer

　　4、沥青运输：防水、保温、防粘，

　　4. Asphalt transportation: waterproofing, insulation, anti sticking,

　　5、摊铺：温度不低于110℃～130℃，用两台以上的摊铺机连续均匀摊铺

　　5. Paving: The temperature should not be lower than 110 ℃~130 ℃, and two or more pavers should be used for continuous and uniform paving

　　6、碾压：2～3台压路机碾压，碾压完成温度不低于65℃，分初压、复压和终压三阶段，雾状喷水防粘轮等等

　　6. Rolling: 2-3 road rollers are used for rolling, with a completion temperature of no less than 65 ℃. The rolling process is divided into three stages: initial rolling, secondary rolling, and final rolling, and includes fog spray anti sticking wheels, etc

　　7、施工中，往轮碾上喷洒水的时侯，要注意控制喷洒量，以防降低混合料温度，要采用雾状喷洒器。在混合料接缝处或冷热搭接处，要采用横缝横压。

　　7. During construction, when spraying water onto the roller, attention should be paid to controlling the spraying amount to prevent a decrease in the temperature of the mixture. A mist sprayer should be used. At the joint of the mixture or the cold and hot overlap, horizontal joint compression should be used.

　　8、施工中随时检查

　　8. Check at any time during construction

　　9、碾压完成当温度降到65℃即可开放交通

　　9. Once the compaction is completed and the temperature drops to 65 ℃, traffic can be opened

　　10、不合格的原材料坚决不能用于道路建设，抓好混合料配合比的试验，严格进行现场检测和室内试验，这包括拌合厂、施工现场的各项温度检测与记录，包括规定频率的混合料马氏试验、抽提试验等，还包括路面外形尺寸检测记录、路面厚度、压实度、平整度检测等等。

　　10. Unqualified raw materials must not be used for road construction. We must focus on testing the mix proportion of the mixture and strictly conduct on-site and indoor tests, including temperature monitoring and recording at the mixing plant and construction site, as well as testing for the specified frequency of the mixture's martensite test and extraction test. This also includes testing records for the external dimensions of the road surface, as well as testing for the thickness, compaction, and flatness of the road surface.

　　11、检测资料的管理与分析是工程质量建设的又一个方面，也是工程质量的实际记录。其中包括料场状况、按工日的混合料拌和记录、按工日的施工现场记录、检验资料的论定和反馈、按工日的工程质量指标图表、工程质量的动态分析等等。

　　11. The management and analysis of testing data is another aspect of engineering quality construction, and it is also the actual record of engineering quality. This includes the condition of the material yard, mixing records of the mixture by working days, construction site records by working days, evaluation and feedback of inspection data, charts of engineering quality indicators by working days, dynamic analysis of engineering quality, and so on.

　　12、要对初压、复压、终压段落设置明显标志，便于司机辩认。对松铺厚度、碾压顺序、碾压遍数、碾压速度及碾压温度应设专岗检查。

　　12. Clear signs should be set up for the initial compression, re compression, and final compression sections to facilitate the driver's recognition. A dedicated post should be set up to inspect the thickness of loose paving, rolling sequence, number of rolling passes, rolling speed, and rolling temperature.

　　13、严格控制碾压温度和遍数，防止过压，造成过高密度或过低空隙率。

　　13. Strictly control the rolling temperature and number of passes to prevent overpressure, which may cause high density or low porosity.

　　六、油石比控制

　　6、 Oil stone ratio control

　　油石比是沥青混凝土中沥青质量和砂等添加料质量之比，是控制沥青混凝土的最重要指标，油石比过大，摊铺碾压后起“油饼”，油石比过小，混凝土料发散，碾压不成形，都属质量事故。

　　The asphalt aggregate ratio is the ratio of asphalt quality to the quality of sand and other additives in asphalt concrete, and is the most important indicator for controlling asphalt concrete. Too large asphalt aggregate ratio, "Youbing (Deep-fried round and flat dough-cake)" after paving and rolling, too small asphalt aggregate ratio, concrete material divergence, and rolling failure are all quality accidents.

　　七、混合料的拌合

　　7、 Mixing of mixtures

　　要求所有矿料颗粒全部裹住沥青，没有不均匀包裹现象，无花白料，无结块或严重离析现象，发现有烧焦碳化起泡和含水的混合料都要废弃，通常拌合时间为45～90S之间，每天、每周都要随时抽验料的各项技术指标，并报请工程师批准。

　　Require all mineral particles to be completely wrapped in asphalt, without uneven wrapping, white material, clumping or severe segregation. Any mixture found to be burnt, carbonized, foamed or containing water should be discarded. The usual mixing time is between 45 and 90 seconds, and various technical indicators of the material should be checked at any time every day and week, and approved by the engineer.

　　八、沥青混凝土路面施工技术中常见问题

　　8、 Common Problems in Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction Technology

　　1、  接缝离析问题

　　1. Joint segregation issue

　　纵观我国的沥青路面道路，路面颠簸、跳车现象较为常见，尤其是接缝处和道路构造物两侧，严重影响行车速度及行车舒适性，严重时还可能造成交通事故。路面施工接缝分为纵向和横向两种接缝。纵向接缝主要出现在路面分幅摊铺时；横向接缝，也就是每天的工作缝，则是因为摊铺机提起并重新归位时产生的。

　　Throughout China's asphalt road surface, road bumps and jumping phenomena are quite common, especially at joints and on both sides of road structures, which seriously affect driving speed and comfort, and may even cause traffic accidents in severe cases. Road construction joints are divided into two types: longitudinal and transverse joints. Longitudinal joints mainly occur when the road surface is spread in sections; Horizontal joints, also known as daily work joints, are generated when the paver is lifted and repositioned.

　　接缝不良问题是沥青混凝土路面施工中常见问题之一，其诱发原因多种多样，若不注重对接缝部位的施工控制，则极易导致接缝离析，影响道路的使用寿命。纵观当前沥青混凝土路面施工实际，碾压方式选择不当，新旧集散料铺设不合理等共性问题，也成为导致接缝离析问题的主要原因。因此，施工作业设备的选取，施工工艺的严谨性和合理性，沥青路面接缝处理的好坏，往往也能反映出一个施工队伍的施工水平。

　　Poor joint quality is one of the common problems in asphalt concrete pavement construction, and its causes are diverse. If the construction control of joint parts is not paid attention to, it can easily lead to joint segregation and affect the service life of the road. Looking at the current practice of asphalt concrete pavement construction, common problems such as improper selection of compaction methods and unreasonable laying of new and old aggregate materials have also become the main causes of joint segregation. Therefore, the selection of construction equipment, the rigor and rationality of construction technology, and the quality of asphalt pavement joint treatment often reflect the construction level of a construction team.

　　1.2   车辙波浪问题

　　1.2 Car ruts and wave problems

　　随着交通量及载重车辆的持续增长，车辙现象也同步增长。在车辆行驶过程中，道路会受到外来重力作用的影响，其负荷状态出现起伏，久而久之造成路面车辙问题。车辙现象的出现，将大幅降低路面的平整度和路面结构的整体性。随着车辙数量的增多及深度的加大，就形成系统性车辙问题，即路面波浪。此外，部分道路施工质量不达标，包括施工材料的质量控制不严格、不同材料的用量配比不严谨、压实温度及压实度不符合规范等，同样也为车辙波浪现象的出现埋下伏笔。

　　With the continuous increase of traffic volume and heavy vehicles, the phenomenon of rutting also increases synchronously. During vehicle operation, the road is affected by external gravity, causing fluctuations in its load state and eventually leading to rutting problems on the road surface. The occurrence of rutting will significantly reduce the smoothness of the road surface and the overall integrity of the road structure. As the number and depth of ruts increase, a systematic rutting problem, namely road surface waves, is formed. In addition, the construction quality of some roads does not meet the standards, including lax quality control of construction materials, inadequate proportioning of different materials, and non compliant compaction temperature and degree, which also lay the foundation for the occurrence of rutting and wave phenomena.

　　1.3   路面坑槽问题

　　1.3 Road pothole issues

　　路面坑槽是在行车作用下，路面骨料局部脱落而造成的路面塌陷，需要在施工过程中进行严格控制。部分施工单位由于所采用的精细化施工管理措施不科学、施工工艺落后，为道路运营阶段出现路面坑槽问题埋下隐患。

　　Road potholes are caused by the partial detachment of road aggregates under the action of driving, resulting in road collapse, which needs to be strictly controlled during the construction process. Due to the adoption of unscientific refined construction management measures and outdated construction techniques, some construction units have planted hidden dangers for the occurrence of pavement potholes during the road operation phase.

　　2、  沥青混凝土路面施工技术要点浅析

　　2. Analysis on the Key Points of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction Technology

　　2.1   施工前准备工作

　　2.1 Preparation work before construction

　　准备工作是全面做好沥青混凝土路面施工的重要环节，对于整个路面工程的施工具有直接作用。施工前必须检查各种材料的来源和质量，严禁不符合规范技术要求的材料进入现场。对材料的存放场地、防雨、排水措施进行确认，对各种施工机械和设备进行调试。认真检验基层标高是否符合要求、表面有无松散、平整度是否符合要求，保证基层表面干燥、清洁、无松散石料、灰尘与杂质，防止沥青混凝土材料与其他建筑杂质的接触或粘连，而影响沥青混凝土的摊铺效果。

　　Preparation work is an important link in the comprehensive construction of asphalt concrete pavement, which has a direct impact on the construction of the entire pavement project. Before construction, the sources and quality of various materials must be checked, and materials that do not meet the technical requirements of the specifications are strictly prohibited from entering the site. Confirm the storage site, rainproof and drainage measures for materials, and debug various construction machinery and equipment. Carefully inspect whether the elevation of the base meets the requirements, whether the surface is loose, and whether the flatness meets the requirements, ensuring that the base surface is dry, clean, free of loose stones, dust, and impurities, and preventing the contact or adhesion of asphalt concrete materials with other building impurities, which may affect the paving effect of asphalt concrete.

　　2.2   沥青混凝土拌制与运输

　　2.2 Asphalt concrete mixing and transportation

　　目前沥青混凝土的拌制方法有热拌冷铺和热拌热铺两种。上述两种不同的拌制方法在拌制工艺及实施过程等方面各不相同，在后期施工效果等方面也存在明显差异，应根据路面施工环境及技术规范的要求，予以科学择定。在施工现场设置试验检测室和专用拌合站，将合格的混凝土原材料进行充分搅拌，并将搅拌温度控制在规范要求的合适范围内。拌制完成的沥青混凝土应及时运送到施工现场，期间既要防止残液残渣遗留，又要配足运输车辆，采取一定遮挡掩盖等方式，避免运输过程中沥青混凝土温度的骤降。

　　At present, there are two methods for mixing asphalt concrete: hot mixing and cold laying, and hot mixing and hot laying. The above two different mixing methods have different mixing techniques and implementation processes, and there are also significant differences in later construction effects. They should be scientifically selected according to the requirements of the road construction environment and technical specifications. Set up testing rooms and dedicated mixing stations at the construction site, thoroughly mix qualified concrete raw materials, and control the mixing temperature within the appropriate range required by the specifications. The asphalt concrete that has been mixed should be transported to the construction site in a timely manner. During this period, it is necessary to prevent residual liquids and residues from being left behind, and sufficient transportation vehicles should be provided to avoid sudden drops in the temperature of the asphalt concrete during transportation.

　　2.3   摊铺

　　2.3 Paving

　　在摊铺沥青混凝土前，应对施工区域进行充分清理，将存在于施工区域内的杂物进行彻底清除，确保路面基层表面干燥，无杂质。检查基层高程及平整度，符合要求后方可铺设沥青透层，透入基层表面孔隙，增强基层和面层间的粘性。采用特定性能的摊铺施工机械设备，循序开展摊铺施工，并对摊铺效果进行动态化检验，预防各种不确定性因素的干涉,如图1所示。为保护已摊铺的沥青层，应避免无关人员进入施工现场。对可能影响施工成果的因素，做好相应的找补或修复措施，及时予以修复。强化摊铺施工机械设备的控制，使其保持在连续稳定工作状态之中，防止因摊铺机械设备故障而导致的路面施工缺陷问题。

　　Before laying asphalt concrete, the construction area should be thoroughly cleaned to remove any debris and ensure that the surface of the road base is dry and free of impurities. Check the elevation and flatness of the base layer. Only after meeting the requirements can the asphalt prime coat be laid, penetrating into the surface pores of the base layer to enhance the adhesion between the base layer and the surface layer. Using specific performance paving construction machinery and equipment, paving construction is carried out sequentially, and the paving effect is dynamically inspected to prevent interference from various uncertain factors, as shown in Figure 1. To protect the already laid asphalt layer, unrelated personnel should be avoided from entering the construction site. Take corresponding remedial or repair measures for factors that may affect the construction results, and promptly repair them. Strengthen the control of paving construction machinery and equipment to maintain a continuous and stable working state, and prevent road construction defects caused by paving machinery and equipment failures.

　　图1   摊铺施工流程示意

　　Figure 1 Schematic diagram of paving construction process

　　2.4   碾压

　　2.4 Rolling compaction

　　在施工技术条件下，如何对沥青混凝土路面进行科学碾压，确保碾压强度与质量，一直以来都是沥青混凝土路面施工的重难点问题之一。在碾压环节，必须根据相关施工技术工艺要求，选择最为符合实际的碾压设备。沥青混凝土碾压施工分为初压、复压和终压三个阶段，采用钢轮振动压路机、胶轮压路机等设备进行来回碾压，合理控制碾压节奏，对碾压后的路面平整度进行检测，防止单一化的碾压缺陷弊病问题扩散蔓延而导致整体性碾压缺陷。在碾压速度方面，应根据碾压接头区域等状况进行交叉碾压，在数遍碾压完成之后，对最终碾压效果进行评价分析，确保其符合碾压施工技术标准要求。

　　Under construction technology conditions, how to scientifically compact asphalt concrete pavement to ensure compaction strength and quality has always been one of the key and difficult issues in asphalt concrete pavement construction. In the compaction process, the most suitable compaction equipment must be selected according to the relevant construction technology requirements. Asphalt concrete compaction construction is divided into three stages: initial compaction, re compaction, and final compaction. Steel wheel vibratory rollers, rubber wheel rollers, and other equipment are used for back and forth compaction, and the compaction rhythm is reasonably controlled. The flatness of the road surface after compaction is tested to prevent the spread of single compaction defects and overall compaction defects. In terms of rolling speed, cross rolling should be carried out according to the conditions of the rolling joint area. After several rounds of rolling, the final rolling effect should be evaluated and analyzed to ensure that it meets the requirements of the rolling construction technical standards.

　　2.5   施工缝的处理

　　2.5 Treatment of construction joints

　　沥青路面施工缝处理的好坏直接影响到道路的平整度。施工缝有纵向接缝和横向接缝，其中纵向接缝的处理需要在摊铺过程中完成，有冷接茬和热接茬两种处理方式。施工时碾压机械预留区域摊铺处可不予碾压，然后通过热接茬处理方法，形成摊铺重叠层，通过快接缝消除缝隙。在此基础上，实现机械碾压接缝处理与人工处理方法的相互配合，人工将多余的碾压废弃原材料进行铲除。科学控制碾压宽度，向新铺面层缓缓移动。对路面接缝处理效果进行跟踪监测，选择相应的监测仪器与设备对接缝处理效果进行处理，在相关技术规范条件的约束下实现路面接缝处理效果的最优化。横向接缝有斜接缝和平接缝两种。施工时横向接缝不宜在毛勒缝区域附近，以确保毛勒缝两侧的路面具有充分良好的光滑效果。

　　The quality of asphalt pavement construction joint treatment directly affects the smoothness of the road. There are longitudinal and transverse joints in construction joints, and the treatment of longitudinal joints needs to be completed during the paving process. There are two treatment methods: cold joint and hot joint. During construction, the reserved area for mechanical compaction may not be compacted at the paving site. Then, a hot joint treatment method is used to form an overlapping layer of paving, and gaps are eliminated through quick joints. On this basis, the coordination between mechanical compaction joint treatment and manual treatment methods is achieved, and excess compaction waste raw materials are manually removed. Scientifically control the compaction width and slowly move towards the new pavement layer. Track and monitor the effectiveness of road joint treatment, select corresponding monitoring instruments and equipment to process the joint treatment effect, and achieve the optimization of road joint treatment effect under the constraints of relevant technical specifications. There are two types of horizontal seams: diagonal seams and flat seams. During construction, horizontal joints should not be located near the Mohr joint area to ensure that the road surface on both sides of the Mohr joint has a sufficiently smooth effect.

　　3、   沥青混凝土路面施工质量控制措施探讨

　　3. Discussion on Quality Control Measures for Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction

　　3.1   加强路面摊铺施工管理控制

　　3.1 Strengthen the management and control of road paving construction

　　建立健全沥青混凝土路面摊铺施工管理体制，将所有潜在影响摊铺质量的因素进行识别分析，为摊铺施工技术方案的制定与实施提供可靠依据与保障，防止摊铺施工过程中发生技术性偏移。

　　Establish a sound management system for asphalt concrete pavement paving construction, identify and analyze all potential factors that may affect paving quality, provide reliable basis and guarantee for the formulation and implementation of paving construction technology plans, and prevent technical deviations during the paving construction process.

　　（1）要通过沥青混凝土施工技术的工艺控制，确保摊铺过程的连续性，防止不必要的摊铺中断。

　　(1) To ensure the continuity of the paving process and prevent unnecessary paving interruptions through the process control of asphalt concrete construction technology.

　　（2）需要控制铺路机与运料车之间的距离，避免二者之间距离过大或过小而导致摊铺效果的失控。创新摊铺施工管理技术方法，将现代精细化施工管理理念融入沥青混凝土施工全过程，从宏观角度把握摊铺施工管理质效，如图2所示。

　　(2) It is necessary to control the distance between the paving machine and the material transport vehicle to avoid excessive or insufficient distance between the two, which may cause the paving effect to lose control. Innovate paving construction management techniques and methods, integrate modern refined construction management concepts into the entire process of asphalt concrete construction, and grasp the quality and efficiency of paving construction management from a macro perspective, as shown in Figure 2.

　　图2   施工质量目标体系示意

　　Figure 2 Schematic diagram of construction quality objective system

　　3.2   积极引进信息化施工质量控制手段

　　3.2 Actively introduce information technology construction quality control measures

　　现代科学技术的快速发展，为沥青混凝土路面施工质量控制提供了更为丰富的技术手段，使施工质量管理人员在工具与方法选择方面更具灵活性，使得以前技术条件下难以完成的沥青混凝土施工质量控制任务具备了更大的可操作性。搭建基于信息技术的沥青混凝土施工质量控制平台，将沥青混凝土的施工过程与工艺效果清晰直观地展现出来，对沥青混凝土路面的施工状态进行仿真模拟，对各类质量控制数据进行高效加工与分析。通过信息化技术的应用，可构建沥青混凝土路面施工数据模型，对相应的技术参数进行模型化处理，为新时期沥青混凝土路面施工注入新鲜动力。

　　The rapid development of modern science and technology has provided richer technical means for the quality control of asphalt concrete pavement construction, making construction quality management personnel more flexible in tool and method selection, and enabling greater operability of asphalt concrete construction quality control tasks that were previously difficult to complete under technical conditions. Build an information technology-based asphalt concrete construction quality control platform to clearly and intuitively display the construction process and process effects of asphalt concrete, simulate the construction status of asphalt concrete pavement, and efficiently process and analyze various quality control data. Through the application of information technology, a data model for asphalt concrete pavement construction can be constructed, and the corresponding technical parameters can be modeled, injecting fresh energy into the construction of asphalt concrete pavement in the new era.

　　3.3   提高沥青混凝土路面施工人员综合技能

　　3.3 Improve the comprehensive skills of asphalt concrete pavement construction personnel

　　定期组织沥青混凝土施工人员参加专项培训与学习，由业内专业人士为其讲解当前沥青混凝土路面施工所面临的新形势，系统性掌握关于沥青混凝土物理性能、路面结构、设备操作等方面的专业理论知识，提高对各类机械设备的实操技能。强化沥青混凝土路面施工人员的责任意识与质量意识，确保对所有潜在的摊铺施工质量缺陷问题能够予以精准识别与反馈，严格落实施工责任制。选择合理规范的评价指标，对沥青混凝土路面施工的阶段性效果进行有效评价。

　　Regularly organize asphalt concrete construction personnel to participate in special training and learning, with industry professionals explaining the new situation faced by asphalt concrete pavement construction, systematically mastering professional theoretical knowledge about the physical properties of asphalt concrete, pavement structure, equipment operation, etc., and improving practical skills in various mechanical equipment. Strengthen the responsibility and quality awareness of asphalt concrete pavement construction personnel, ensure accurate identification and feedback of all potential paving construction quality defects, and strictly implement the construction responsibility system. Select reasonable and standardized evaluation indicators to effectively evaluate the phased effects of asphalt concrete pavement construction.

　　综上所述，受沥青混凝土路面施工工艺及技术要求等方面要素的影响，当前道路路面施工实践中依旧存在诸多薄弱环节，阻碍着沥青路面施工整体质量的优化提升。因此，有关人员应该从工程的客观实际需求出发，充分遵循沥青混凝土路面施工技术的基本原理，创新施工技术方法，优化施工工艺流程，为全面提升沥青混凝土施工质量奠定基础，为全面促进市政公路工程事业高质量发展保驾护航。

　　In summary, influenced by factors such as the construction process and technical requirements of asphalt concrete pavement, there are still many weak links in the current road pavement construction practice, which hinder the optimization and improvement of the overall quality of asphalt pavement construction. Therefore, relevant personnel should start from the objective practical needs of the project, fully follow the basic principles of asphalt concrete pavement construction technology, innovate construction technology methods, optimize construction process flow, lay the foundation for comprehensively improving the quality of asphalt concrete construction, and safeguard the high-quality development of municipal highway engineering.

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