沥青混凝土不是“沥青拌上石子”那么简单。它是由沥青、粗集料、细集料、矿粉以及外加剂组成的复合材料，各种材料质量和数量的差异会形成不同的结构，表现出完全不同的力学性能。

Asphalt concrete is not as simple as "mixing asphalt with stones". It is a composite material composed of asphalt, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral powder, and additives. The differences in the quality and quantity of various materials will form different structures and exhibit completely different mechanical properties.

配合比设计三阶段：层层递进，缺一不可

Three stages of mix design: progressive and indispensable

沥青混凝土配合比设计不是一次性完成，建议经过三个阶段：目标配合比设计、生产配合比设计、生产配合比验证。每个阶段要解决的核心问题都是相同的：一是确定矿料的级配比例，二是确定非常佳沥青用量。这种“三步走”的设计方法，目的是让设计逐步深化，真正把室内试验和施工生产联系在一起。

The design of asphalt concrete mix proportion is not completed in one go, and must go through three stages: target mix proportion design, production mix proportion design, and production mix proportion verification. The core issues to be addressed at each stage are the same: first, determining the gradation ratio of the mineral aggregate, and second, determining the optimal asphalt dosage. This "three-step" design method aims to gradually deepen the design and truly link indoor testing with construction production.

目标配合比设计：选料是“定生死”的第一步

Target mix design: Material selection is the first step in determining life and death

粗集料应采用质地致密、坚硬的花岗岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩等材料，经反击式破碎机加工，不宜使用石灰岩石料。细集料则采用石灰岩轧制的机制砂，建议洁净无泥、干燥无风化，砂当量不小于60%。矿粉是“盐”——放少了沥青难以吸附，放多了胶泥成团导致路面离析。

Coarse aggregates should be made of dense and hard materials such as granite, basalt, diabase, etc., processed by impact crushers, and limestone stones should not be used. Fine aggregate is made of mechanism sand rolled from limestone, which must be clean, free of mud, dry and weathered, with a sand equivalent of not less than 60%. Mineral powder is "salt" - it is difficult to adsorb asphalt if it is not added enough, and clumping of cement if it is added too much can cause road segregation.

沥青是主体，好坏决定路面寿命。选择时应根据公路等级、气候、通行状况确定标号——高速公路、夏季高温多雨、重载爬坡路段，宜用粘稠度大的沥青；季度温差大的路段，则选针入度指数大的。所有原材料经检测符合规范后，才能进入目标配合比设计阶段。

Asphalt is the main component, and its quality determines the lifespan of the road surface. When selecting, the grade should be determined based on the highway grade, climate, and traffic conditions - for highways, sections with high temperatures and heavy rain in summer, and sections with heavy load climbing, it is advisable to use asphalt with high viscosity; For road sections with large seasonal temperature differences, choose those with high penetration index. All raw materials must be tested and meet the specifications before entering the target mix design stage.

选料核心指标速查

Quick check of core indicators for material selection

粗集料关键指标：压碎值≤28%、磨耗损失≤30%、针片状含量≤15%、粘附性不低于4级。70号A级道路石油沥青技术要求：针入度60-80(0.1mm)、软化点≥46℃、含蜡量≤2.0%、溶解度≥99.5%。SBS改性沥青（5%掺量）：针入度40-70(0.1mm)、软化点≥70℃、弹性恢复≥80%。

Key indicators of coarse aggregate: crushing value ≤ 28%, wear loss ≤ 30%, needle like content ≤ 15%, adhesion not lower than level 4. Technical requirements for Grade 70 A-class road petroleum asphalt: penetration degree of 60-80 (0.1mm), softening point ≥ 46 ℃, wax content ≤ 2.0%, solubility ≥ 99.5%. SBS modified asphalt (5% dosage): penetration degree 40-70 (0.1mm), softening point ≥ 70 ℃, elastic recovery ≥ 80%.

一句话总结： 沥青混凝土配合比设计三段论——目标阶段选好料、生产阶段调比例、验证阶段做检验。材料选不对，后面全是白搭。

Summary in one sentence: Three stage theory of asphalt concrete mix design - selecting good materials in the target stage, adjusting the proportion in the production stage, and conducting inspections in the verification stage. The material selection is incorrect, and everything else is useless.

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This article is contributed by Jinan Asphalt Material Friendship For more information, please click: http://www.ycgjglcl.com Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.