很多市政和厂区路项目，材料配比没问题、摊铺也平整，非常后工期卡在“等压路机”。不是机器少，是机型和工作面没对上。

Many municipal and factory road projects have no problem with material ratio and smooth paving, but in the end, the construction period is stuck in the "equal pressure road machine". It's not that there are fewer machines, it's that the model and working surface are not aligned.

先记一条总原则：路基、水稳基层、沥青面层，不能用同一台机器通吃。

First, remember a general principle: the roadbed, water stable base layer, and asphalt surface layer cannot be shared by the same machine.

路基填土、厚层水稳：单钢轮振动压路机，低频大振幅往下打，常用18到26吨。

Roadbed filling and thick layer water stability: Single steel wheel vibratory roller, low-frequency large amplitude downward driving, commonly used 18 to 26 tons.

水稳初压完到终压：可以同一台单钢轮切到弱振，别换胶轮去压水稳，胶轮揉的是沥青不是碎石。

From initial pressure to final pressure of water stabilization: The same single steel wheel can be cut to weak vibration, do not replace the rubber wheel to stabilize the water, as the rubber wheel is kneading asphalt rather than gravel.

沥青面层：初压复压用双钢轮（6到13吨、高频低幅），终压才上胶轮压路机收光封闭孔隙。拿单钢轮去压热沥青，骨料被振碎、表面起波浪。

Asphalt surface layer: Double steel wheels (6 to 13 tons, high frequency and low amplitude) are used for initial compaction and re compaction, and rubber wheel rollers are used for final compaction to smooth and seal the pores. Using a single steel wheel to press hot asphalt causes the aggregate to be crushed and the surface to wave.

摊铺机别只看摊铺宽度。带自动找平+非接触平衡梁的机型，平整度能控在±3mm内；没有找平系统的便宜机，靠机手手感，一天能差出两公分。水稳基层摊铺速度可以放到3到4米/分钟，沥青面层建议压到1到3米/分钟，摊铺速度比压路机快太多，突出跟不上就会温度掉下去、压实度作废。

Don't just look at the width of the paving machine. The model with automatic leveling and non-contact balance beam can control the flatness within ± 3mm; A cheap machine without a leveling system, relying on the hand feel of the operator, can deviate by two centimeters in a day. The paving speed of the water stable base layer can be set to 3 to 4 meters per minute, while the asphalt surface layer must be compacted to 1 to 3 meters per minute. The paving speed is much faster than that of the roller, and if the compaction cannot keep up, the temperature will drop and the compaction degree will be invalidated.

租赁时盯三件事，比砍日租单价重要：

Pay attention to three things when renting, which are more important than cutting the daily rental price:

进场试机拍视频：振动均匀、不跑偏、钢轮刮泥板完好、喷水系统不堵。接收单上写“以上缺陷以照片为准”，还车时不扯皮。

Take a video of the on-site test machine: uniform vibration, no deviation, intact steel wheel scraper, and unobstructed water spray system. On the receipt, it is stated that 'the above defects are subject to photos', and there will be no disputes when returning the car.

合同拆开写：正常磨损（钢轮磨损≤3mm、轮胎花纹≥2mm）出租方认，人为撞坏、缺机油烧瓦承租方赔，附一份配件价格表。

Contract opening: Normal wear and tear (steel wheel wear ≤ 3mm, tire tread ≥ 2mm) recognized by the lessor, compensation for artificial collision, lack of engine oil and tile burning by the lessee, attached with a price list of accessories.

保养责任分清楚：承租方每班查机油、液压油、冷却液、刮泥板；出租方负责250小时以上定期保养。谁该换滤芯没换，故障来了谁买单。

Clear division of maintenance responsibilities: the lessee checks the engine oil, hydraulic oil, coolant, and scraper plates every shift; The lessor is responsible for regular maintenance for over 250 hours. Who should have replaced the filter element? If there is a malfunction, who will pay the bill.

每天下班前四个动作，能让故障率砍一半：

The first four actions before leaving work every day can reduce the failure rate by half:

沥青机熨平板余料清干净，不然第二天加热全是焦块。

Clean up the remaining material of the asphalt machine ironing board, otherwise all the heating will be burnt blocks the next day.

压路机钢轮用柴油擦一遍，不粘混合料。

Wipe the steel wheels of the road roller with diesel to prevent sticking to the mixture.

散热器翅片用压缩空气从内向外吹，别拿水枪正冲。

Use compressed air to blow the radiator fins from the inside out, do not use a water gun to directly hit them.

柴油车放水杯拧开放一次水，油水分不清是高压泵杀手。

Unscrew the drain cup of a diesel car once to open the water, and if the oil and water are not clear, it is a high-pressure pump killer.

顺手一条红线：非道路移动机械进场前把环保码、操作手证、进场验收台账三样拍给监理。缺一样，安监来查直接叫停，比少压一遍还耽误事。

A convenient red line: Before non road mobile machinery enters the site, three samples of environmental protection code, operation certificate, and entry acceptance ledger should be sent to the supervisor. If something is missing, the safety supervisor will investigate and stop it directly, which is more delaying than pressing it again.

把“分层选机、摊铺不甩压路机、合同写死磨损线、每天擦板吹散热器”钉在班前会，路面机械这一摊才不会变成工期黑洞。

Nail the phrase 'layered selection of machines, no rolling of road rollers during paving, writing a wear line in the contract, and daily cleaning and blowing of radiators' to the pre shift meeting, so that the road machinery will not become a black hole in the construction schedule.