摊铺机

　　paver

　　摊铺机是一种主要用于高速公路上基层和面层各种材料摊铺作业的施工设备。是由各种不同的系统相互配合完成摊铺工作的，主要包含行走系统、液压系统、输分料系统等等。

　　A paver is a construction equipment mainly used for laying various materials on the base and surface layers of highways. The paving work is completed by various different systems working together, mainly including the walking system, hydraulic system, material distribution system, and so on.

　　摊铺机的起源

　　The origin of pavers

　　发展历程

　　Development History

　　1929年：美国Barber-Greene公司制造出世界上第一台机械式摊铺机，采用刮板和螺旋分料器设计，奠定了现代摊铺机的基础。

　　In 1929, Barber Greene Company in the United States manufactured the world's first mechanical paver, which adopted a scraper and spiral distributor design, laying the foundation for modern pavers.

　　1950年代：液压技术应用于摊铺机，实现熨平板的自动升降和振动功能，大幅提升铺设质量。

　　In the 1950s, hydraulic technology was applied to pavers to achieve automatic lifting and vibration functions of the ironing board, greatly improving the quality of paving.

　　1970年代：电子控制系统引入，实现摊铺厚度自动调节，精度达到±3mm。

　　In the 1970s, electronic control systems were introduced to achieve automatic adjustment of paving thickness with an accuracy of ± 3mm.

　　1990年代：德国福格勒公司推出高密实度摊铺机，实现高达98%的压实度。

　　In the 1990s, the German company Vogler introduced a high-density paver, achieving a compaction degree of up to 98%.

　　21世纪：3D自动找平系统和远程监控技术成为高端摊铺机标配，摊铺精度进入毫米时代。

　　21st century: 3D automatic leveling system and remote monitoring technology have become standard equipment for high-end paving machines, and paving accuracy has entered the millimeter era.

　　摊铺机的类型

　　Types of pavers

　　01按行走结构

　　01 According to the walking structure

　　摊铺机分为履带式和轮胎式两种。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: track type and tire type.

　　履带式摊铺机接地比压小，附着力大，摊铺作业时很少出现履带打滑现象，牵引力大，能抵抗料车的撞击，运行平稳，制动可靠。但是机动性差，行走速度低，转移场地不方便。履带式摊铺机多为大中型摊铺机和稳定土摊铺机，用于大型公路工程的施工。

　　The ground contact ratio of the crawler paver is small, the adhesion is strong, and there is rarely any slippage of the track during paving operations. The traction force is strong, and it can resist the impact of the material truck, running smoothly and braking reliably. But the mobility is poor, the walking speed is low, and it is inconvenient to transfer the site. Crawler pavers are mostly large and medium-sized pavers and stabilized soil pavers, used for the construction of large-scale highway projects.

　　轮胎式摊铺机行走速度较高，转移运行速度快，机动性能好。但是附着力较小，摊铺作业时易出现轮胎打滑现象。轮胎式摊铺机多为中小型摊铺机，主要用于道路修筑与养护作业。

　　The tire paver has a high walking speed, fast transfer operation speed, and good maneuverability. However, the adhesion is small, and tire slippage is prone to occur during paving operations. Tire pavers are mostly small and medium-sized pavers, mainly used for road construction and maintenance operations.

　　02按行走方式

　　02 According to walking mode

　　摊铺机分为自行式和拖式两种。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: self-propelled and towed.

　　自行式摊铺机有自身的行走传动系统，整机性能好，摊铺质量好，适用于各种等级公路施工，是应用最广泛的摊铺机。

　　The self-propelled paver has its own walking transmission system, good overall performance, and good paving quality. It is suitable for construction on various levels of highways and is the most widely used paver.

　　拖式摊铺机工作时靠其他车辆牵引进行摊铺作业。它的结构简单，功能低，摊铺质量差，仅用于低等级公路施工或养护作业，二十世纪八十年代初我国已不再使用这种摊铺机。

　　The trailer paver relies on other vehicles to tow and carry out paving operations during operation. Its structure is simple, its function is low, and the paving quality is poor. It is only used for the construction or maintenance of low-grade highways. In the early 1980s, China no longer used this type of paving machine.

　　03按传动方式

　　03 According to the transmission mode

　　摊铺机分为机械式和液压式两种。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: mechanical and hydraulic.

　　机械式摊铺机的行走系统、刮板输料系统和螺旋输料系统都是采用机械传动方式。这种摊铺机结构简单，成本低，摊铺质量较差，仅为中小型。

　　The walking system, scraper conveying system, and spiral conveying system of a mechanical paver all use mechanical transmission. This type of paver has a simple structure, low cost, poor paving quality, and is only suitable for small and medium-sized applications.

　　液压式摊铺机的行走系统、刮板输料系统、螺旋输料系统、振捣系统、振动系统等等所有传动系统都是采用液压传动方式，仅分动箱、减速器等为辅助机械传动。液压式摊铺机结构简单，能大幅度减速，大范围无级变速，运动平稳，机电液一体化，自动控制，操作省力，是应用最广泛的摊铺机，适用于各种等级公路施工。04按功能

　　The walking system, scraper feeding system, spiral feeding system, vibration system, vibration system, and all other transmission systems of hydraulic pavers use hydraulic transmission, with only the transfer case, reducer, and other auxiliary mechanical transmission. The hydraulic paver has a simple structure, can significantly reduce speed, has a wide range of continuously variable speeds, operates smoothly, integrates mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems, has automatic control, and is easy to operate. It is the most widely used paver and suitable for construction on various levels of highways. 04 By Function

　　摊铺机分为沥青混合料摊铺机、稳定土摊铺机、多功能摊铺机、双层摊铺机和薄层摊铺机五种。

　　There are five types of pavers: asphalt mixture pavers, stabilized soil pavers, multifunctional pavers, double-layer pavers, and thin-layer pavers.

　　沥青混合料摊铺机摊铺的物料是各种沥青混合料。

　　The materials spread by the asphalt mixture paver are various types of asphalt mixtures.

　　稳定土摊铺机摊铺的物料是各种稳定土，摊铺厚度大，生产率高。

　　The material spread by the stabilized soil paver is various stabilized soils, with a large spreading thickness and high productivity.

　　如果既能摊铺沥青混合料，又能摊铺稳定土，就是多功能摊铺机。

　　If it can spread both asphalt mixture and stable soil, it is a multifunctional paver.

　　双层摊铺机能同步摊铺沥青面层和下层。

　　The double-layer paving machine can simultaneously pave the asphalt surface layer and the lower layer.

　　05按熨平装置延伸方式

　　05 Extension method of ironing device

　　摊铺机分为机械加宽式和液压伸缩式两种。机械加宽式摊铺机的熨平板是按摊铺宽度要求，用螺栓将各种固定宽度的熨平板组装而成。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: mechanical widening and hydraulic telescopic. The ironing board of the mechanical widening paver is assembled by bolts according to the requirements of the paving width, using various fixed width ironing boards.

　　操作规范

　　Operating Specifications

　　一、摊铺机操作人员必须经过专业培训，了解机械性能、构造，掌握保养知识，熟练地掌握本机性能及操作要领和安全事项，并经有关部门确认合格后，方可单独操作。

　　1、 The operator of the paver must undergo professional training, understand the mechanical performance and structure, master maintenance knowledge, proficiently master the performance, operation essentials, and safety precautions of the machine, and be confirmed qualified by relevant departments before operating it independently.

　　二、起动发动机前必须检查：油(机油、燃油、工作油、润滑油)量是否足，风扇上皮带松紧度，有无漏油及其部件松动现象。检查当天工作所需的各种配件、附件、工具等是否齐备。

　　2、 Before starting the engine, it is necessary to check whether the amount of oil (engine oil, fuel, working oil, lubricating oil) is sufficient, the tightness of the belt on the fan, whether there is oil leakage and whether the components are loose. Check if all necessary accessories, attachments, tools, etc. for the day's work are complete.

　　三、起动发动机后，怠速运行至少两分种后检查各监控系统指示是否正常。

　　3、 After starting the engine, run it at idle for at least two minutes and then check whether the indicators of each monitoring system are normal.

　　四、运料车辆倒料必须有人指挥，准确将料卸入机器料斗内。

　　4、 The material transport vehicle must be directed by someone to accurately unload the material into the machine hopper.

　　五、摊铺机工作前须和左右调平人员取得联系，确保其他人员不在作业内，方可作业。

　　5、 Before the paver starts working, it is necessary to contact the leveling personnel on both sides to ensure that other personnel are not inside the operation before starting the work.

　　六、在作业档向行车走档转换时，必须在小油门，机器完全停稳后，各工作部件停止工作情况下进行。

　　6、 When shifting from work mode to driving mode, it must be done with a small throttle, the machine has come to a complete stop, and all working components have stopped working.

　　七、操作人员严禁酒后操作，操作设备时必须穿戴整齐，不得穿拖鞋，不得有吸烟、饮食等其他有碍安全作业行为。

　　7、 Operators are strictly prohibited from operating under the influence of alcohol. When operating equipment, they must wear neat clothing and must not wear slippers. Smoking, eating, or other behaviors that may affect safety are also prohibited.

　　八、摊铺机在工作后，所有防护装置必须安装在指定位置上。

　　8、 After the paver is in operation, all protective devices must be installed in designated positions.

　　九、操作室(台)必须保持清洁，及时清理油污等污物，不得乱放工具等其他物品。

　　9、 The operating room (platform) must be kept clean, promptly cleaned of oil stains and other pollutants, and tools and other items must not be placed randomly.

　　十、司机离开操作台前，必须将操作机构全部置于“0”位上。

　　10、 The driver must place all operating mechanisms in the "0" position before leaving the control station.

　　十一、对于液压自动加宽摊铺机加宽时，必须注意和观察附近情况，以免伤人和损坏设备。

　　11、 When widening a hydraulic automatic widening paver, it is necessary to pay attention to and observe the surrounding conditions to avoid injury and damage to the equipment.

　　十二、当摊铺在使用液化气罐加热时，在熄火或失火等情况，必须将罐阀关闭。当环境温度高于200C或太阳直晒车气罐时使用气罐加热，气罐必须加以遮盖。

　　12、 When using liquefied gas tanks for heating during paving, the tank valve must be closed in case of flameout or fire. When the ambient temperature is above 200C or the car's gas tank is directly exposed to sunlight, the gas tank must be covered for heating.

　　十三、摊铺结束后，清洗材料输送、捣实装置、停机时必须把熨平板放置在垫木上，机器停放下不得妨碍交通，且应放置警示牌。发动机怠带运行5分钟再熄火，然后切断电源，锁上仪表盘。

　　13、 After the paving is completed, the material conveying and compacting device must be cleaned. When stopping the machine, the ironing board must be placed on the wooden pad. The machine must not obstruct traffic when parked, and warning signs should be placed. Run the engine idle for 5 minutes before turning off, then cut off the power and lock the dashboard.

　　十四、设备保养必须按照说明书中的要求进行。

　　14、 Equipment maintenance must be carried out in accordance with the requirements stated in the manual.

　　十五、设备维修保养时，必须：(一)料斗、熨平板固定牢靠。(二)发动机熄火。(三)维修液压系统时，必须释放液压系统的余压。

　　15、 When repairing and maintaining equipment, it is necessary to: (1) fix the hopper and ironing board firmly. （2） Engine stalls. （3） When repairing the hydraulic system, it is necessary to release the residual pressure of the hydraulic system.

　　本文由 济南摊铺机出租  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.ycgjglcl.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan paver rental For more related knowledge, please click http://www.ycgjglcl.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.