水泥稳定碎石底基层和基层是道路工程中常用的半刚性基层结构层，具有强度高、水稳性好、承载能力强等优点，广泛应用于高速公路、一级公路及城市道路建设中。以下从施工准备、材料要求、配合比设计、施工工艺、质量控制及注意事项等方面进行详细阐述：

Cement stabilized macadam subbase and base are commonly used semi-rigid base structural layers in road engineering, which have the advantages of high strength, good water stability, strong bearing capacity, etc., and are widely used in highway, first-class highway and urban road construction. The following provides a detailed explanation from the aspects of construction preparation, material requirements, mix design, construction technology, quality control, and precautions:

一、定义与用途

1、 Definition and purpose

水泥稳定碎石底基层：位于路基与基层之间，主要起承重和扩散荷载的作用，同时改善路基湿度状况。

Cement stabilized crushed stone subbase: located between the roadbed and the base, it mainly plays a role in bearing and diffusing loads, while improving the humidity condition of the roadbed.

水泥稳定碎石基层：直接位于面层下方，是道路结构的主要承重层，承受车辆荷载的反复作用。

Cement stabilized crushed stone base: directly located below the surface layer, it is the main load-bearing layer of the road structure, bearing the repeated effects of vehicle loads.

二、施工流程

2、 Construction process

1. 施工准备

1. Construction preparation

下承层验收：对路基或底基层进行标高、宽度、平整度、压实度等检测，确保符合设计要求。

Underpass acceptance: Conduct elevation, width, flatness, compaction, and other inspections on the roadbed or subgrade to ensure compliance with design requirements.

测量放样：恢复中线，每10m设一桩，进行水平标高测量，标出基层边缘设计高。

Measurement and layout: restore the centerline, set up a pile every 10 meters, measure the horizontal elevation, and mark the design height of the base edge.

试验段铺筑：通过试验段确定松铺系数、压实机械组合、碾压遍数及含水量控制范围。

Experimental section paving: Determine the loose paving coefficient, compaction machinery combination, rolling times, and moisture content control range through the experimental section.

2. 材料准备

2. Material preparation

水泥：选用普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥或火山灰质硅酸盐水泥，强度等级不低于32.5级，初凝时间3小时以上，终凝时间6小时以上。

Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement or volcanic ash Portland cement shall be selected, with a strength grade of not less than 32.5, an initial setting time of more than 3 hours, and a final setting time of more than 6 hours.

碎石：级配应符合规范要求，最大粒径不超过31.5mm（基层）或37.5mm（底基层），针片状含量≤15%，压碎值≤30%。

Crushed stone: The grading should meet the requirements of the specifications, with a maximum particle size not exceeding 31.5mm (base layer) or 37.5mm (sub base layer), a needle like content of ≤ 15%, and a crushing value of ≤ 30%.

水：清洁、不含有害杂质。

Water: clean and free of harmful impurities.

3. 混合料拌和

3. Mixing of mixtures

厂拌设备：采用稳定土拌和站集中拌和，确保配料准确、均匀。

Factory mixing equipment: Stable soil mixing station is used for centralized mixing to ensure accurate and uniform batching.

含水量控制：根据天气、运距调整含水量，一般比最佳含水量高1%-2%。

Moisture content control: Adjust the moisture content according to weather and transportation distance, generally 1% -2% higher than the optimal moisture content.

水泥剂量控制：通过电子计量装置精确控制，误差不超过±0.5%。

Cement dosage control: precise control through electronic measuring devices, with an error not exceeding ± 0.5%.

4. 运输与摊铺

4. Transportation and paving

运输车辆：覆盖篷布防水分蒸发，减少混合料离析。

Transport vehicles: covered with tarpaulin to prevent evaporation and reduce segregation of the mixture.

摊铺机：采用摊铺机梯队作业，保持连续、均匀摊铺，速度控制在1.5-2.5m/min。

Paver: The paver operates in a staggered manner to maintain continuous and even paving, with a speed controlled between 1.5-2.5m/min.

松铺系数：通过试验段确定，一般为1.25-1.35。

Loose laying coefficient: determined through experimental sections, generally ranging from 1.25-1.35.

5. 碾压

5. Rolling

压路机组合：初压（静压）→复压（振动碾压）→终压（静压），总遍数不少于6-8遍。

Roller combination: initial compaction (static pressure) → re compaction (vibration compaction) → final compaction (static pressure), with a total of no less than 6-8 passes.

碾压顺序：从低到高，先轻后重，先慢后快，轮迹重叠1/2轮宽。

Rolling sequence: from low to high, light to heavy, slow to fast, overlapping wheel tracks by 1/2 wheel width.

压实度要求：基层≥98%，底基层≥97%（重型击实标准）。

Compaction requirements: Base layer ≥ 98%, sub base layer ≥ 97% (heavy compaction standard).

6. 养生与交通管制

6. Health Preservation and Traffic Control

养生方式：采用土工布覆盖洒水养生，保持表面湿润，养生期7-14天。

Health preservation method: Use geotextile to cover and sprinkle water for health preservation, keep the surface moist, and the health preservation period is 7-14 days.

交通管制：养生期间禁止车辆通行，达到设计强度后开放交通。

Traffic control: Vehicles are prohibited from passing during the health period, and traffic will be opened after reaching the design intensity.

三、质量控制要点

3、 Key points of quality control

1. 材料质量控制

1. Material quality control

水泥：进场检验强度、安定性、凝结时间。

Cement: Inspection of strength, stability, and setting time upon arrival.

碎石：检测级配、压碎值、针片状含量。

Gravel: Testing grading, crushing value, and needle like content.

混合料：抽检水泥剂量、含水量、级配。

Mixture: Sampling inspection of cement dosage, moisture content, and gradation.

2. 施工过程控制摊铺：连续作业，减少纵向接缝，横向接缝垂直相接。

2. Construction process control paving: continuous operation, reducing longitudinal joints, and connecting transverse joints vertically.

碾压：在最佳含水量±2%范围内碾压，避免过振或漏振。

Rolling: Rolling within the optimal moisture content range of ± 2% to avoid excessive or missed vibration.

平整度：通过3m直尺检测，误差≤12mm（基层）、≤15mm（底基层）。

Flatness: Tested with a 3m ruler, with an error of ≤ 12mm (base layer) and ≤ 15mm (sub base layer).

3. 强度检测

3. Strength testing

无侧限抗压强度：基层≥3-5MPa（7天），底基层≥2-4MPa（7天），具体值按设计要求。

Unconfined compressive strength: base layer ≥ 3-5 MPa (7 days), sub base layer ≥ 2-4 MPa (7 days), specific values according to design requirements.

四、常见问题及预防措施

4、 Common problems and preventive measures

裂缝：控制水泥剂量（≤5%），加强养生，避免早期失水。

Cracks: Control the cement dosage (≤ 5%), strengthen health preservation, and avoid early dehydration.

离析：控制集料级配，减少运输、摊铺过程中的落差。

Segregation: Control the gradation of aggregates to reduce the drop during transportation and paving processes.

压实度不足确保含水量适宜，增加碾压遍数，避免漏压。

Insufficient compaction ensures appropriate moisture content, increases the number of rolling passes, and avoids missed compaction.

五、安全与环保措施

5、 Safety and environmental protection measures

安全：设置警示标志，施工人员穿戴防护用品，机械操作专人指挥。

Safety: Warning signs should be set up, construction personnel should wear protective equipment, and machinery operators should be directed by a dedicated person.

环保：控制扬尘，废料集中处理，避免污染水源。

Environmental Protection: Control dust, centralize waste disposal, and avoid polluting water sources.

六、总结

6、 Summary

水泥稳定碎石底基层和基层施工需严格把控材料质量、配合比设计、施工工艺及养生等环节，通过精细化管理和科学检测，确保基层强度、平整度及耐久性，为道路工程提供稳定、可靠的承重结构。

The construction of cement stabilized crushed stone subbase and base requires strict control over material quality, mix design, construction technology, and curing. Through refined management and scientific testing, the strength, flatness, and durability of the base are ensured, providing a stable and reliable load-bearing structure for road engineering.

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The above content is from Jinan Loader Rental. For more exciting content, please click on our website http://www.ycgjglcl.com