一、引言

　　1. Introduction

　　无论高等级公路还是低等级公路，水泥稳定碎石可以说是目前路面基层使用最多的一种材料了。设计中，水泥稳定碎石单层的厚度大多就是18公分、20公分等的组合。那么，水泥稳定碎石层的厚度为什么大多是18、20公分？其他厚度行不行？二、为什么多是18、20公分？

　　Whether it is a high-grade highway or a low-grade highway, cement stabilized crushed stone can be said to be the most commonly used material for pavement base at present. In design, the thickness of a single layer of cement stabilized crushed stone is mostly a combination of 18cm, 20cm, etc. So, why is the thickness of cement stabilized crushed stone layer mostly 18 or 20 centimeters? Can other thicknesses be used? 2、 Why are they mostly 18 or 20 centimeters?

　　根据《公路路面基层施工技术细则》（JTG/TF20-2015）5.4条的规定，路面基层碾压成型后每层的摊铺厚度宜不小于16cm，最大厚度宜不大于20cm。选择上限20cm既能减少分层施工次数、优化层间结合，又可提升路面整体性，兼顾效率与质量，因而成为行业主流。三、其他厚度行不行？

　　According to Article 5.4 of the Technical Rules for Construction of Highway Pavement Base (JTG/TF20-2015), the paving thickness of each layer after the pavement base is rolled and formed should not be less than 16cm, and the maximum thickness should not be greater than 20cm. Choosing the upper limit of 20cm can not only reduce the number of layered construction times, optimize interlayer bonding, but also improve the overall integrity of the pavement, while considering efficiency and quality, thus becoming the mainstream in the industry. 3、 Can other thicknesses be used?

　　同样也是《公路路面基层施工技术细则》（JTG/TF20-2015）5.4条规定，具有足够的摊铺能力和压实功率时，可以增加碾压厚度，具体的摊铺厚度通过试验段确定机械适用性、机械组合方式、施工工艺及技术参数等。试验路段长度宜为200m～400m。所以，其他厚度是可以的，只要能满足质量要求（主要是压实度）。一般来说，单层压实厚度大于20cm就算大厚度。不同地方的地标定义略有不同。青海省地标规定，宽幅大厚度水泥稳定碎石基层为摊铺宽度10m～20m、厚度25cm～40cm一次成型的水泥稳定碎石基层。河南规定成型厚度在20cm～30cm之间，一次性摊铺、碾压完成的水泥稳定碎石基层。安徽地标规定大厚度水泥稳定碎石基层为厚度在20cm～40cm之间，一次性全厚度摊铺、碾压完成的水泥稳定碎石基层。四、大厚度水稳碎石基层摊铺、压实要求

　　Similarly, according to Article 5.4 of the "Technical Guidelines for Construction of Highway Pavement Base" (JTG/TF20-2015), when there is sufficient paving capacity and compaction power, the rolling thickness can be increased. The specific paving thickness is determined through a test section to determine the mechanical applicability, mechanical combination method, construction technology, and technical parameters. The length of the test section should be between 200m and 400m. So, other thicknesses are acceptable as long as they meet the quality requirements (mainly compaction). Generally speaking, a single-layer compacted thickness greater than 20cm is considered a large thickness. The definition of landmarks varies slightly in different places. According to the landmark regulations of Qinghai Province, the wide and thick cement stabilized crushed stone base is a one-time formed cement stabilized crushed stone base with a paving width of 10m to 20m and a thickness of 25cm to 40cm. Henan Province stipulates that the forming thickness should be between 20cm and 30cm, and the cement stabilized crushed stone base should be laid and rolled in one go. Anhui landmark regulations stipulate that the thick cement stabilized crushed stone base is a cement stabilized crushed stone base with a thickness between 20cm and 40cm, which is fully paved and rolled in one go. 4、 Requirements for paving and compaction of thick water stable crushed stone base

　　1摊铺拌合、摊铺及压实的能力要相匹配。大厚度基层的摊铺机应具有较大功率。河南省规范规定摊铺机功率宜大于180kW。安徽省地标规定，当压实厚度20cm～30cm，发动机功率应大于150kW（相较于常规厚度的120kW）；当压实厚度30cm～40cm，发动机功率宜大于180kW。

　　The ability to mix, spread, and compact should be matched. The paver for thick base layers should have high power. According to regulations in Henan Province, the power of pavers should be greater than 180kW. According to landmark regulations in Anhui Province, when the compaction thickness is between 20cm and 30cm, the engine power should be greater than 150kW (compared to 120kW for conventional thicknesses); When the compaction thickness is 30cm to 40cm, the engine power should be greater than 180kW.

　　2压实工艺梳理了各地方标准中关于大厚度压实的相关机械组合、压实工艺等的要求，如下。

　　The requirements for mechanical combinations and compaction processes related to thick compaction in various local standards have been sorted out, as follows.

　　1）安徽省地标

　　1) Anhui Province Landmark

　　安徽省地标中针对大厚度基层提出了以下两种碾压方式。

　　Anhui Province has proposed the following two compaction methods for thick base layers in landmark areas.

　　① 垂直振动+水平振荡组合

　　① Combination of vertical vibration and horizontal oscillation

　　压实厚度30-40cm时，选用≥20t单钢轮垂直振动压路机，激振力≥400kN。压实厚度20-30cm时，选用≥12t单钢轮垂直振动压路机，激振力≥300kN。配合使用的双钢轮垂直振动水平振荡压路机，整机质量≥13t。胶轮压路机≥26t。初压：采用垂直振动水平振荡双钢轮压路机，激振力≥240kN，以水平振荡揉搓碾压方式稳压1-2遍。双钢轮压路机复压：采用垂直振动单钢轮压路机，先强振低频高幅、低速行走碾压，再弱振高频低幅碾压，速度≤4km/h，碾压4-5次使用垂直振动压路机相邻碾压带只需重叠20cm～30cm，后轮必须超过两端的接缝处，压实后表面平整密实，无轮迹或隆起，不得产生表面被压材料的推移松散和裂纹“大波浪”现象。终压：采用垂直振动水平振荡双钢轮压路机收光1～2遍。压路机组合方式

　　When compacting a thickness of 30-40cm, a single steel wheel vertical vibration roller of ≥ 20t is selected with an excitation force of ≥ 400kN. When compacting a thickness of 20-30cm, a single steel wheel vertical vibration roller of ≥ 12t is selected with an excitation force of ≥ 300kN. The double steel wheel vertical vibration horizontal oscillation roller used in conjunction has a total weight of ≥ 13t. The rubber wheel roller has a weight of ≥ 26t. Initial compaction: A vertical vibration horizontal oscillation double steel wheel roller is used with an excitation force of ≥ 240kN, and the pressure is stabilized 1-2 times by horizontal oscillation rolling and kneading. Double drum roller re compaction: A vertical vibration single drum roller is used. First, a strong vibration low-frequency high amplitude and low-speed walking roller is used, followed by a weak vibration high-frequency and low amplitude roller, with a speed of ≤ 4km/h. After 4-5 rounds of rolling, the adjacent rolling belts of the vertical vibration roller only need to overlap by 20cm~30cm, and the rear wheel must exceed the joint at both ends. After compaction, the surface is flat and dense, without wheel marks or bulges, and there should be no loose movement or cracking of the surface material being compacted. Final compaction: Use a vertical vibration and horizontal oscillation double drum roller to receive light 1-2 times. Combination method of roller

　　② 大激振力液压振动压路机为主的方式

　　② The main method of using a hydraulic vibratory roller with high excitation force

　　压路机配置如下：压实厚度在30cm～40cm时，选用不低于32t单钢轮振动压路机，激振力不小于550kN；压实厚度在20cm～30cm时，选用不低于22t单钢轮振动压路机，激振力不小于400kN；配合使用的单钢轮振动压路机不低于20t；胶轮压路机应不低于26t。碾压方式如下：初压宜采用小吨位钢轮压路机（20t）静压或者前进时静压后退时弱振方式，碾压1～2遍。振动碾压时宜采用高频低幅。强振的激振力应由小到大变化。复压阶段宜先采用较大吨位钢轮压路机（22t）高频低幅（弱振）1遍，再低频高幅（强振）1遍；根据压实层厚度，采用大激振力液压振动压路机（32t以上）或（22t以上）振动碾压2～4遍，宜先弱振再强振。

　　The configuration of the road roller is as follows: when the compaction thickness is between 30cm and 40cm, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 550kN should be selected; when the compaction thickness is between 20cm and 30cm, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 22t should be selected, with an excitation force of not less than 400kN; when used in conjunction, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 20t should be used; and a rubber wheel roller with an excitation force of not less than 26t should be used. The rolling method is as follows: for initial compaction, a small tonnage steel wheel roller (20t) should be used for static pressure or a weak vibration method should be used for static pressure when moving forward and backward, and rolling should be done 1-2 times. High frequency and low amplitude should be used for vibration compaction. The excitation force of strong vibration should vary from small to large. During the re compaction stage, it is advisable to first use a large tonnage steel wheel roller (22t) for high-frequency low amplitude (weak vibration) once, and then low-frequency high amplitude (strong vibration) once; According to the thickness of the compacted layer, use a hydraulic vibratory roller with high excitation force (32t or more) or (22t or more) to vibrate and compact 2-4 times, preferably with weak vibration first and then strong vibration.

　　单钢轮压路机

　　Single drum roller

　　终压用钢轮压路机静压收光，消除轮迹、防止表面松散。表面如果有裂纹或不能全部消除表面皱纹，强振中间可增加胶轮压路机碾压或在强振后增加胶轮碾压。

　　The steel wheel roller is used for static pressure finishing to eliminate wheel marks and prevent surface looseness. If there are cracks or wrinkles on the surface that cannot be completely eliminated, a rubber roller can be added for compaction during strong vibration, or rubber rollers can be added for compaction after strong vibration.

　　压路机组合方式

　　Combination method of roller

　　2）青海省地标

　　2) Landmark of Qinghai Province

　　压实设备组合应符合下列规定：a)双向四车道高速公路或一级公路半幅摊铺时，应配备2台激振力25t以上振动压路机、2台激振力不小于35t重型振动压路机、1台25t～30t重型轮胎压路机、2台压实吨位15t～20t双钢轮压路机；其他等级公路压实设备组合参照执行；b)双向六车道高速公路或一级公路半幅摊铺时，应配备3台激振力25t以上振动压路机、3台激振力大于35t重型振动压路机、1台25t～30t重型轮胎压路机和2台压实吨位15t～20t双钢轮压路机。摊铺机铺筑后，应及时采用25t以上振动压路机初压2～3遍，稳压后，再用35t以上重型振动压路机碾压6～8遍，具体的压实遍数应通过试验段确定，最后用15t～20t双钢轮压路机消除轮迹。采用25t～30t重型轮胎压路机进行封面压实。轮胎压路机

　　The combination of compaction equipment shall meet the following requirements: a) When paving two-way four lane expressway or first-class highway in half width, 2 sets of vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 25t, 2 sets of heavy vibratory rollers with excitation force not less than 35t, 1 set of 25t~30t heavy tire roller, and 2 sets of 15t~20t double drum rollers with compaction tonnage shall be equipped; The combination of compaction equipment for other grades of highways shall be implemented in accordance with the reference; b) When paving two-way six lane expressway or first-class highway in half width, three vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 25t, three heavy-duty vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 35t, one 25t~30t heavy-duty tire roller and two 15t~20t double drum rollers with compaction tonnage shall be equipped. After the paving machine is used for paving, a vibrating roller with a capacity of 25 tons or more should be used for initial compaction of 2-3 times in a timely manner. After stabilizing the pressure, a heavy-duty vibrating roller with a capacity of 35 tons or more should be used for compaction of 6-8 times. The specific number of compaction times should be determined through the test section, and finally a double drum roller with a capacity of 15 tons to 20 tons should be used to eliminate wheel marks. Use a 25t to 30t heavy-duty tire roller for cover compaction. Tire roller

　　3）河南省地标

　　3) Henan Province Landmark

　　初压阶段采用自重20t以上的钢轮压路机静压或者前进时静压、后退时弱振方式，碾压2～3遍，碾压速度2km/h～3km/h。若采用胶轮压路机，宜选用自重30t以上的重胶轮压路机稳压1～2遍。复压阶段先采用自重26t以上的钢轮压路机高频低幅碾压1～2遍，再低频高幅碾压2～3遍，碾压速度2km/h～5km/h，先弱振再强振。表面如果有裂纹或未能全部消除表面裂纹，强振期间可增加不小于30t的胶轮压路机碾压或在强振后增加胶轮碾压，碾压1～2遍，碾压速度2km/h～5km/h。碾压遍数可参照试验段数据调整。终压阶段宜采用振荡压路机，若采用钢轮压路机静压收光，应以消除轮迹为准，防止表面松散。某项目35cm半刚性基层机械选择

　　During the initial compaction stage, a steel wheel roller with a self weight of over 20 tons is used for static pressure or static pressure during forward movement and weak vibration during backward movement. The roller is compacted 2-3 times at a speed of 2km/h to 3km/h. If a rubber roller is used, it is advisable to use a heavy rubber roller with a self weight of more than 30t to stabilize the pressure for 1-2 times. During the re compaction stage, a steel wheel roller with a self weight of 26 tons or more is first used for high-frequency and low amplitude rolling for 1-2 times, followed by low-frequency and high amplitude rolling for 2-3 times, with a rolling speed of 2km/h to 5km/h, and weak vibration followed by strong vibration. If there are cracks on the surface or if the surface cracks cannot be completely eliminated, a rubber roller with a weight of not less than 30t can be added for compaction during strong vibration, or rubber rollers can be added for compaction after strong vibration. The compaction should be done 1-2 times at a speed of 2km/h to 5km/h. The number of rolling passes can be adjusted based on the data from the test section. In the final compaction stage, it is advisable to use an oscillating roller. If a steel wheel roller is used for static pressure finishing, the elimination of wheel marks should be taken as the standard to prevent surface looseness. Selection of 35cm semi-rigid base machinery for a certain project

　　五、结语一些看似常规的做法，背后有他并不简单的逻辑与原因，有心挖掘自能有所收获。采用大厚度基层在机械设备允许的情况下是可行的，工艺和设备组合要通过试验段进行确定。

　　5、 Conclusion: Some seemingly conventional practices have their own complex logic and reasons behind them, and those who are willing to explore them can reap rewards. It is feasible to use a thick base layer when mechanical equipment allows, and the combination of process and equipment should be determined through experimental sections.

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