1引言

　　1 Introduction

　　水泥稳定碎石是目前路面工程中使用最多的基层材料之一了。虽然具有诸如干缩和温缩特性，反射裂缝等问题，但并不影响它的广泛应用。

　　Cement stabilized crushed stone is currently one of the most commonly used base materials in pavement engineering. Although it has issues such as dry shrinkage and thermal shrinkage, reflection cracks, etc., it does not affect its wide application.

　　设计中也经常看到诸如“5%水泥稳定碎石”等表述，很多时候也只是看着大多数人在用而并不知道为什么是5%或其他比例，也不知道其他比例可不可以。

　　In design, expressions such as "5% cement stabilized crushed stone" are often seen, and many times it is only observed that most people are using it without knowing why it is 5% or other proportions, and whether other proportions are acceptable.

　　这其实涉及到的是水稳碎石基层中的水泥掺量问题，作如下总结。

　　This actually involves the issue of cement dosage in the water stable crushed stone base, which can be summarized as follows.

　　2质量比还是体积比

　　2 mass ratio or volume ratio

　　首先，5%水泥稳定碎石中的5%是质量比，而非体积比或其他什么比例。

　　Firstly, 5% of cement stabilized crushed stone is a mass ratio, not a volume ratio or any other proportion.

　　即水泥的质量与集料（碎石、石屑等）质量之比为5:100，水泥占集料质量的5%。例如，若集料质量为1000千克，那么水泥质量就是1000×5%=50千克。

　　The ratio of the quality of cement to the quality of aggregate (crushed stone, stone chips, etc.) is 5:100, and cement accounts for 5% of the mass of aggregate. For example, if the aggregate mass is 1000 kilograms, then the cement mass is 1000 × 5%=50 kilograms.

　　其实工程中的很多百分比都是质量比，比如掺灰改良等等。这其实很好理解。

　　In fact, many percentages in engineering are quality ratios, such as fly ash improvement and so on. This is actually easy to understand.

　　首先，材料质量更容易准确测量，尤其是在大规模工程中。体积可能会因为材料的松散程度或颗粒大小而变化，比如沙子如果潮湿或者压紧，同样的体积实际质量会不同，这样体积比可能不准确。而质量是固定的，不会受这些因素影响，所以更可靠。

　　Firstly, material quality is easier to accurately measure, especially in large-scale engineering projects. The volume may vary due to the looseness or particle size of the material, for example, if sand is wet or compacted, the actual mass of the same volume may be different, which may result in inaccurate volume ratios. And the quality is fixed and not affected by these factors, so it is more reliable.

　　另外，化学反应通常基于质量，比如水泥的水化反应，需要精确的质量比例来保证反应完全，否则可能影响强度。体积的话，不同材料的密度不同，同样体积可能质量差异大，导致化学反应比例失调。

　　In addition, chemical reactions are usually based on quality, such as the hydration reaction of cement, which requires precise mass ratios to ensure complete reaction, otherwise it may affect strength. In terms of volume, different materials have different densities, and the same volume may have significant differences in mass, leading to an imbalance in chemical reaction proportions.

　　还有工程设计的标准更倾向于质量比，因为计算起来更方便。比如配合比设计时，质量可以直接加减乘除，而体积需要考虑各材料的密度换算，步骤更多，容易出错。

　　The standards for engineering design are more inclined towards quality ratio because they are more convenient to calculate. For example, in mix design, mass can be directly added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided, while volume needs to consider the density conversion of each material, which involves more steps and is prone to errors.

　　3水泥掺量代表什么

　　What does the cement dosage represent

　　水泥作为胶粘材料，其掺量最直接反映的就是基层的强度。《公路路面基层施工技术细则》（JTGF20-2015）中，对水泥稳定碎石中的水泥剂量并没有强制性的要求，只有指导性的意见，配合比试验时的推荐掺量如下：水泥稳定碎石的水泥掺量其实是强度导向，即强度满足要求就行了，包括设计中的5%也只是设计配合比。

　　As an adhesive material, the dosage of cement directly reflects the strength of the base layer. In the "Technical Guidelines for Construction of Highway Pavement Base" (JTGF20-2015), there is no mandatory requirement for the cement dosage in cement stabilized crushed stone, only guiding opinions. The recommended dosage for mix proportion testing is as follows: the cement dosage of cement stabilized crushed stone is actually strength oriented, that is, as long as the strength meets the requirements, including the 5% in the design, which is only the design mix proportion.

　　水泥掺量只是影响强度的其中一个参数，不同的集料下，设计5%，可能实际掺3%就达到设计强度了，也有可能要掺更多的水泥才能达到设计强度。规范也规定了不能随便无限调整，有一个最小的要求，如下表。并不提倡通过无限提高水泥掺量来提高基层强度，而是通过优化级配和原材料质量等方式。

　　The cement content is only one parameter that affects the strength. For different aggregates, a design of 5% may achieve the design strength with an actual content of 3%, or more cement may need to be added to achieve the design strength. The regulations also stipulate that adjustments cannot be made arbitrarily and infinitely, with a minimum requirement as shown in the table below. We do not advocate increasing the cement content infinitely to improve the strength of the base layer, but rather optimizing the grading and raw material quality.

　　4掺量的影响

　　The impact of 4 dosages

　　水泥剂量的多少与水泥稳定材料的强度、弹性模量、温缩系数和干缩系数大小有直接关系。随着水泥用量增加，其强度和弹性模量增加，但是收缩系数也随之增加。为减少半刚性基层的开裂，应尽量提高基层材料的抗拉强度，降低材料的弹性模量、温缩系数和干缩系数，减小基层内部的最大收缩应力。

　　The dosage of cement is directly related to the strength, elastic modulus, thermal shrinkage coefficient, and drying shrinkage coefficient of cement stabilized materials. As the amount of cement increases, its strength and elastic modulus increase, but the shrinkage coefficient also increases. To reduce cracking in semi-rigid base layers, the tensile strength of the base material should be increased as much as possible, the elastic modulus, thermal shrinkage coefficient, and dry shrinkage coefficient of the material should be reduced, and the maximum shrinkage stress inside the base layer should be minimized.

　　因此，在满足要求的情况下，宜采用最小的水泥用量以降低弹性模量和收缩系数。

　　Therefore, it is advisable to use the minimum amount of cement to reduce the elastic modulus and shrinkage coefficient while meeting the requirements.

　　5价格的差异

　　5 Price Differences

　　不同掺量的水泥稳定碎石，价格差异多少？下面简单测算一下。以最常用的20cm水泥稳定碎石基层为例，水稳碎石的干密度按2.3吨/立方米，那么，每平米水稳碎石基层质量0.2*2.3=0.46吨。水泥价格按500元每吨，可算出水泥掺量相差0.5%时，水泥稳定碎石价格相差约2元/吨，也就是0.46*2=0.92元/平米。所以，对于20厘米厚的水稳碎石基层，水泥掺量相差0.5%，价格差约为0.92元每平米，不到1块钱。当然，实际价格差会因材料价格、水稳碎石干密度等因素的不同而有所变化。

　　What is the price difference of cement stabilized crushed stone with different dosages? Below is a brief calculation. Taking the most commonly used 20cm cement stabilized crushed stone base as an example, if the dry density of water stabilized crushed stone is 2.3 tons/cubic meter, then the mass of water stabilized crushed stone base per square meter is 0.2 * 2.3=0.46 tons. If the cement price is 500 yuan per ton, it can be calculated that when the cement content differs by 0.5%, the price difference of cement stabilized crushed stone is about 2 yuan/ton, which is 0.46 * 2=0.92 yuan/square meter. So, for a 20cm thick water stable crushed stone base, the difference in cement content is 0.5%, and the price difference is about 0.92 yuan per square meter, less than 1 yuan. Of course, the actual price difference may vary due to factors such as material prices and the dry density of water stable crushed stone.

　　6总结

　　6 Summary

　　水泥掺量对水泥稳定碎石基层的影响业内其实有很多的研究，最主要影响的就是强度及收缩特性。水泥掺量既不是越高越好，也不是越低越好，有一个大致的推荐范围；设计值是一个参考，实际中是结果导向，即施工时根据试验确定具体满足强度要求的配比。

　　There are actually many studies in the industry on the influence of cement dosage on cement stabilized crushed stone base, and the main impact is on strength and shrinkage characteristics. The cement dosage is neither higher nor lower, there is a rough recommended range; The design value is a reference, but in practice it is result oriented, that is, the specific mix ratio that meets the strength requirements is determined based on experiments during construction.

　　本文由 济南水稳砼  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.ycgjglcl.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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