沥青混凝土，简称沥青砼，是路面工程中应用非常广的材料。但很多人不知道的是，“混凝土”三个字并不是随便叫的——它意味着这种材料经过了严格的配合比设计，矿料级配和沥青用量都有准确控制。

Asphalt concrete, abbreviated as asphalt concrete, is the most widely used material in pavement engineering. But what many people don't know is that the three words "concrete" are not casually called - it means that this material has undergone strict mix design, with precise control over mineral grading and asphalt dosage.

沥青混凝土的本质是“人工配制的复合材料”。 它由粗集料、细集料、矿粉和沥青按一定比例拌合而成，经压实后形成密实结构。与天然石材不同，沥青混凝土的强度来自两个方面：沥青与矿粉形成的胶结料粘结力，以及集料颗粒之间的内摩阻力和锁结力。矿粉的细颗粒（大多小于0.074毫米）表面积巨大，能让沥青形成薄膜，提高粘结强度和温度稳定性；而粗集料之间的锁结力则提供了抗变形能力。两者的平衡，就是沥青混凝土配合比设计的核心。

The essence of asphalt concrete is "artificially formulated composite material". It is made by mixing coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral powder, and asphalt in a certain proportion, and forming a dense structure after compaction. Unlike natural stone, the strength of asphalt concrete comes from two aspects: the bonding force between asphalt and mineral powder, as well as the internal friction and locking force between aggregate particles. The fine particles of mineral powder (mostly less than 0.074 millimeters) have a huge surface area, which can form a thin film of asphalt, improve bonding strength and temperature stability; The locking force between coarse aggregates provides resistance to deformation. The balance between the two is the core of asphalt concrete mix design.

AC后面的数字不是“型号”，是“粒径”。 工程中常见的AC-13、AC-20、AC-25，数字代表的是集料公称非常大粒径（毫米）。AC-13用于表面层，AC-20用于中面层，AC-25用于下面层。数字越大，集料越粗，适合的层位越靠下。这个逻辑与路面受力分布有关：表层直接承受车轮磨耗和温度变化，需要细粒式以提供平整度和抗滑性；下层承受弯拉应力，需要粗粒式以提供强度和稳定性。

The number after AC is not 'model', but 'particle size'. The commonly used AC-13, AC-20, and AC-25 in engineering represent the nominal maximum particle size of the aggregate in millimeters. AC-13 is used for the surface layer, AC-20 is used for the middle layer, and AC-25 is used for the lower layer. The larger the number, the coarser the aggregate, and the lower the suitable layer. This logic is related to the distribution of road surface forces: the surface directly bears wheel wear and temperature changes, requiring fine-grained design to provide smoothness and skid resistance; The lower layer is subjected to bending and tensile stress and requires coarse-grained design to provide strength and stability.

沥青混凝土的“混凝土属性”决定了它的施工要求。 与水泥混凝土类似，沥青混凝土也需要“养护”——摊铺后的突出温度、突出遍数、突出顺序，每一个环节都影响非常终强度。济南S103旅游公路的施工中，项目部对沥青上面层采用了“四机连铺”、24小时连续作业的方式，复压完成后立即用6米直尺检测平整度，对轮迹明显的位置安排压路机再次斜压处理。这种对细节的执着，正是沥青混凝土区别于“随便铺一层”的关键。选沥青混凝土，不能只看价格，要看供应商是否按配合比生产、是否提供完整的级配报告。名字里有“混凝土”，就意味着它值得被认真对待。

The "concrete properties" of asphalt concrete determine its construction requirements. Similar to cement concrete, asphalt concrete also requires "curing" - the rolling temperature, number of rolling passes, and rolling sequence after paving, each of which affects the final strength. During the construction of the Jinan 103 Tourist Highway, the project department adopted a "four machine continuous paving" and 24-hour continuous operation method for the asphalt upper layer. After the re compaction was completed, a 6-meter ruler was immediately used to check the flatness, and a roller was arranged to perform diagonal compaction on the obvious wheel marks. This persistence in details is the key to distinguishing asphalt concrete from "laying a layer randomly". When choosing asphalt concrete, one should not only consider the price, but also whether the supplier produces according to the mix proportion and provides a complete grading report. The word 'concrete' in its name means it deserves to be taken seriously.

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